Mechano-responsive calix[4]arene-based molecular gels: agitation induced gelation and hardening

Cai, Xiuqin; Wu, Ying; Wang, Liya; Yan, Ni; Liu, Jing; Fang, Xiaohua; Fang, Yu

doi:10.1039/c3sm50577d

Cited by 42 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…367 Perhaps surprisingly, self-assembly can take place in such an environment, [368][369][370] and may even proceed at a lower concentration, higher temperature or faster rate than would be possible under milder conditions. 129,371,372 Moreover, the resulting aggregates may prove unusual, with structures or physical properties that would be difficult to achieve by other methods.…”

Section: Mechanically Induced Gelationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Constructive processes, such as the fusion of discrete particles into sheets and fibres, are sometimes observed (Fig. 41), 371 but these are frequently accompanied by signs of exposure to extreme conditions, such as a decrease in particle size 145,390,391 or loss of crystallinity. More generally, the application of stress to a gel often induces a transition between solid-and liquid-like properties, culminating in fracture, plastic deformation and near-total liquefaction.…”

Section: Please Do Not Adjust Marginsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…376 The degree of branching, average fibre diameter and thermodynamic stability of the sonogels could be tuned via the temperature or concentration, or by varying the duration or power of the mechanical stimulus. 112,145,371 The microstructures of sonogels are often markedly different from those of aggregates generated by other mechanical processes. As a result of the more extreme conditions experienced by the material, a gel produced by sonication typically exhibits particles with clearer signs of fragmentation.…”

Section: Mechanically Induced Gelationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gels with sense: supramolecular materials that respond to heat, light and sound

2016

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. (2016) 'Gels with sense : supramolecular materials that respond to heat, light and sound.', Chemical society reviews., 45 (23). pp. 6546-6596. Further information on publisher's website:https://doi.org/10.1039/C6CS00435KPublisher's copyright statement:Additional information: Use policyThe full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that:• a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders.Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. Advances in the field of supramolecular chemistry have made it possible, in many situations, to reliably engineer soft materials to address a specific technological problem. Particularly exciting are "smart" gels that undergo reversible physical changes on exposure to remote, non-invasive environmental stimuli. This review explores the development of gels which are transformed by heat, light and ultrasound, as well as other mechanical inputs, applied voltages and magnetic fields. Focusing on small-molecule gelators, but with reference to organic polymers and metal-organic systems, we examine how the structures of gelator assemblies influence the physical and chemical mechanisms leading to thermo-, photo-and mechano-switchable behaviour. In addition, we evaluate how the unique and versatile properties of smart materials may be exploited in a wide range of applications, including catalysis, crystal growth, ion sensing, drug delivery, data storage and biomaterial replacement.

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Section: Mechanically Induced Gelationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Please Do Not Adjust Marginsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mechanically Induced Gelationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gels with sense: supramolecular materials that respond to heat, light and sound

2016

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“…[ 73 ] SEM measurements revealed that the structures of the gel networks are greatly affected by the ageing time ( Figure 9 ). With increasing ageing time, the morphologies of the aggregates of 9 in the system changed from globules, to globules and short rods, then to short rods alone, and fi nally to rod-based networks.…”

Section: Effect Of Temperature and Ageing Timementioning

confidence: 98%

Tuning Soft Nanostructures in Self‐assembled Supramolecular Gels: From Morphology Control to Morphology‐Dependent Functions

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2014

Small

138

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Supramolecular gels are one kind of important soft material, in which small low-molecular weight compounds self-assemble into various nanostructures through non-covalent interactions to immobilize the solvents. While there are many important fundamental issues related to the gelation process, such as the design of the gelator, synergism of various non-covalent interactions between gelators, gelator-solvents, the balances between gelation and crystallization and so on, the self-assembled nanostructures forming during gelation are very interesting. These nanostructures have many unique features, such as the flexibility to respond to external stimuli, morphological diversity, ease of fabrication in large quantities, and so on. This review highlights some important features in tuning the nanostructures in the supramolecular gels from their morphological diversity, morphology control, morphology conversion, and morphology-depended functions.

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“…43 The gel showed the excellent properties of shear thixotropy and mechano-responsive, and this could be owe to the gelator combining with calix [4]arene and two cholesterols.…”

Section: -18mentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and investigation of temperature-responsive calix[4]arene-based molecular gels

Cai

Rong

et al. 2017

RSC Adv.

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A novel calix [4]arene-based tetracholesteryl derivative was synthesized, and its gelation behaviours in 30 organic solvents were studied. It showed that 1 gelled long chain alkane, some of alcohol, kerosene, ethyl acetate benzene and toluene. Interestingly the gel of 1/kerosene possessed special property, which was that the mixture solution of the compound 1/kerosene heating for a while was put on the flat contact heater and formed a gel film at 25 C and 65 C. Unlike ordinary film, gel film had higher strength and toughness at 65 C, by contrast other was fragile and broken easily at 25 C, this phenomenon was few reported before. In order to explore the phenomenon, the mechanism of the gel of 1/kerosene was discussed by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), High Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (H NMR), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (IR) and micro-rheology. SEM revealed that the xerogel of 1/kerosene assembled network through some long and thick fibers at 65 C, with concentration reducing fibers become thin and its networks were clearly observed. In contrast the morphology of xerogel was porous at low concentration and was a bulk at high temperature system.According to EI data in micro-rheology, the gelation process could be divided into three stages at 65 C and they could be that some cholesterol segments in the gelator interacting with each other formed some small aggregation in the first stage, and other cholesterol section of the gelator sufficiently were cross-linked with time and assembled into large assembly in the second plateau. In the final moment the large assembly build gel network and the system of gel tended to stable. But there are two stages at low temperature and could be some cholesterol segments that didn't take part in assembly, which may be the cause that the performance of gel was fragile.

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Mechano-responsive calix[4]arene-based molecular gels: agitation induced gelation and hardening

Cited by 42 publications

References 60 publications

Gels with sense: supramolecular materials that respond to heat, light and sound

Gels with sense: supramolecular materials that respond to heat, light and sound

Tuning Soft Nanostructures in Self‐assembled Supramolecular Gels: From Morphology Control to Morphology‐Dependent Functions

Preparation and investigation of temperature-responsive calix[4]arene-based molecular gels

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