Medetomidine a novel immobilizing agent for the elephant (Elephas maximus)

Sarma, Biraj Kumar; Pathak, Soumi; Sarma, K. K.

doi:10.1016/s0034-5288(02)00044-9

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Because the actual dexmedetomidine dose in Asian elephants is unknown, we chose doses based on the closely related α 2 adrenergic agonist, medetomidine. Typically, medetomidine intramuscular (IM) elephant’s doses are 2–4 µg/kg [ 4 ]; therefore, dexmedetomidine doses are 1/3–1/2 of the medetomidine dose. The three doses studied spanned the range of 1, 1.5, and 2 µg/kg to safely elucidate the lowest possible dose yielding moderate–heavy sedation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Like other α2 adrenergic agonists, dexmedetomidine can cause dose-dependent cardiorespiratory depression [ 18 ]. Previous elephant studies using α2 adrenergic agonists, such as xylazine, reported respiratory depression, bradycardia, and penile prolapse [ 4 ]. Pulse and respiratory rates were not significantly altered throughout the study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ideal chemical restraint drugs should provide sufficient standing sedation with minimal complications (i.e., recumbency, significant physiologic alterations, and prolonged recovery). To chemically immobilize elephants, α2 adrenergic agonists, i.e., xylazine [ 1 ], detomidine [ 2 ], and medetomidine [ 3 , 4 ] have been used. Given the efficacy of these α2 adrenergic agonists in elephants, there have been periodic market shortages of these drugs; therefore, these compounds may be unavailable in some countries, thereby necessitating an alternative.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dexmedetomidine Effectively Sedates Asian Elephants (Elephas maximus)

Buranapim

Kulnanan²,

Chingpathomkul³

et al. 2022

Animals

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This study investigated the sedative effects of dexmedetomidine in Asian elephants. We hypothesized that 2 µg/kg dexmedetomidine would provide sufficient standing sedation. A crossover design study was performed in three Asian elephants. Each elephant was assigned to 1 of 3 treatment groups—1 (D1), 1.5 (D1.5) or 2 (D2) µg/kg dexmedetomidine (intramuscular injection, IM) with a two-week ‘washout period’ between doses. Elephants were monitored for 120 min. At 120 min (Ta), atipamezole was administered IM. Sedation and responsiveness scores were evaluated. Physiological parameters (pulse rate, respiratory rate, and %SpO2) and clinical observations were monitored during the study and for 3 days post drug administration. D2 provided the longest sedation (approximately 70 min), compared to D1 and D1.5. After Ta, each elephant’s sedative stage lessened within 10–15 min without complications. No significant abnormal clinical observations were noted throughout and during the 3-days post study period. These data suggest that a single 2 µg/kg IM dexmedetomidine injection provides sufficient standing sedation for approximately 70 min in Asian elephants.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dexmedetomidine Effectively Sedates Asian Elephants (Elephas maximus)

Buranapim

Kulnanan²,

Chingpathomkul³

et al. 2022

Animals

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“…The mean dose of medetomidine administered in combination with butorphanol in this study was almost twice the dose used for captive Asian elephants (Sarma et al, 2002) in which acceptable standing sedation was achieved using medetomidine alone. Asian elephants appear to be far more sensitive to the α 2 -agonists.…”

mentioning

confidence: 88%

“…It also allows access to both sides of the animal and, in general, elephant care staff find it more acceptable (Neiffer et al, 2005). The α 2 -adrenoceptor agonists, such as xylazine and detomidine, in combination with either ketamine or butorphanol have been used for standing sedation in African elephants (Table 1) but the use of medetomidine, a more potent and safe α 2 -agonist, has so far only been reported for Asian elephants (Sarma et al, 2002).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%