Medical Aspects of the Accident at Chernobyl

Gusev, Igor; Guskova, Angelina

doi:10.1201/9781420037197.ch12

Cited by 8 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…By the end of 2001, an additional 14 ARS survivors died from various causes. 12,13 Moreover, this kind of disaster can result in wide-spread long-term health effects, at a long distance of the event site. Meteorological conditions made that radiological fallout from Chernobyl fell over most of Eastern/ Central Europe and a lot of Western Russia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

50 Years of Terrorism against the Nuclear Industry: A Review of 91 Incidents in the Global Terrorism Database

Cauwer

Barten

Tin

et al. 2023

Prehosp. Disaster med.

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Background: The on-going Russo-Ukrainian war has resulted in a renewed global interest in the safety and security of nuclear installations and the possibility of nuclear disasters caused by warfare and terrorism. The objective of this study was to identify and characterize all documented terrorist attacks against nuclear transport, nuclear facilities, and nuclear scientists as reported to the Global Terrorism Database (GTD) over a 50-year period. Methods: The GTD was searched for all terrorist attacks against nuclear facilities, nuclear scientists, nuclear transport, and other nuclear industry-related targets in the period from 1970-2020. Analyses were performed on temporal factors, location, target type, attack and weapon type, perpetrator type, number of casualties, and property value loss. Results: Ninety-one incidents that occurred from 1970 through 2020 were included. Incidents took place in 25 countries and nine world regions, with most (42; 46.1%) occurring in Western Europe. During these 50 years, 91 incidents resulted in 19 fatalities and 117 injuries. One perpetrator was killed during an incident and one other assailant was injured. Bombings and explosions were the most frequently identified attack type (n = 40; 44.0%), followed by facility/infrastructure damage (n = 24; 26.4%) and armed assaults and assassinations (both n = 7; 7.7%). Nuclear power plants and reactors under construction were targeted in 13 (14.3%) and eight (8.8%) incidents, respectively. Most of the attacks took place on other nuclear industry-related sites. Conclusion: Terrorist attacks carried out by non-state perpetrators against nuclear facilities, nuclear scientists, nuclear transport, and other nuclear industry-related targets are rare, with only 91 incidents in a 50-year period. None of the attacks resulted in radioactive fallout or environmental contamination. Most of the attacks took place outside a nuclear power plant.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

50 Years of Terrorism against the Nuclear Industry: A Review of 91 Incidents in the Global Terrorism Database

Cauwer

Barten

Tin

et al. 2023

Prehosp. Disaster med.

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“…33 REAC/TS has found these clinical grading and dose threshold tables to be informative in a clinical dose estimation even when other dosimetry is available. 54 Thus, there are standardized tools clinicians have for assessing CRI and their progression.…”

Section: Cutaneous Radiation Injury (Cri) (C Iddins)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Overlapping Science in Radiation and Sulfur Mustard Exposures of Skin and Lung: Consideration of Models, Mechanisms, Organ Systems, and Medical Countermeasures: Overlapping science in radiation and sulfur mustard injuries to lung and skin

Satyamitra,

Andres,

Bergmann

et al. 2023

Disaster med. public health prep.

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Purpose: To summarize presentations and discussions from the 2022 trans-agency workshop titled “Overlapping Science in Radiation and Sulfur Mustard (SM) Exposures of Skin and Lung: Consideration of Models, Mechanisms, Organ Systems, and Medical Countermeasures.” Methods: Summary on topics includes: 1) an overview of the radiation and chemical countermeasure development programs and missions; 2) regulatory and industry perspectives for drugs and devices; 3) pathophysiology of skin and lung following radiation or SM exposure; 4) mechanisms of action/targets, biomarkers of injury; and 5) animal models that simulate anticipated clinical responses. Results: There are striking similarities between injuries caused by radiation and SM exposures. Primary outcomes from both types of exposure include acute injuries, while late complications comprise chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and vascular dysfunction, which can culminate in fibrosis in both skin and lung organ systems. This workshop brought together academic and industrial researchers, medical practitioners, U.S. Government program officials and regulators to discuss lung-, and skin-specific animal models and biomarkers, novel pathways of injury and recovery, and paths to licensure for products to address radiation or SM injuries. Conclusions: Regular communications between the radiological and chemical injury research communities can enhance the state-of-the-science, provide a unique perspective on novel therapeutic strategies, and improve overall U.S. Government emergency preparedness.

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“…After the Chernobyl accident, a large number of individuals (116,317) were evacuated/relocated from 187 locations in Belarus, Russia and Ukraine during May to September 1987 ( Alexakhin et al, 2004 ). It has now been recognized that mass relocation of a population is unjustifiable when the majority of their dose had been already acquired ( IAEA, 2008 ), as delayed evacuation only aggravates psychosocial problems ( Guskova and Gusev, 2001 ).…”

Section: Technical Areasmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Following the Chernobyl accident, substantial effort was devoted to the health and medical follow up of the affected residents and cleanup workers. Among the workers (about 600,000), acute radiation syndrome (ARS) was diagnosed in 134 cases ( Guskova et al, 2001 ; Ilyin, 2001 ). The main long-term consequences of radiation exposure for this group were radiation-induced skin injuries and cataracts.…”

Section: Technical Areasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Public health response and medical management of internal contamination in past radiological or nuclear incidents: A narrative review

Reis

Ansari

et al. 2022

Environment International

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Medical Aspects of the Accident at Chernobyl

Cited by 8 publications

References 2 publications

50 Years of Terrorism against the Nuclear Industry: A Review of 91 Incidents in the Global Terrorism Database

50 Years of Terrorism against the Nuclear Industry: A Review of 91 Incidents in the Global Terrorism Database

Overlapping Science in Radiation and Sulfur Mustard Exposures of Skin and Lung: Consideration of Models, Mechanisms, Organ Systems, and Medical Countermeasures: Overlapping science in radiation and sulfur mustard injuries to lung and skin

Public health response and medical management of internal contamination in past radiological or nuclear incidents: A narrative review

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