“…The project management standards have also evolved, because of these developments, paying more attention to softer factors such as human resource management, communications and stakeholder management (PMI, 2016). Recently, the attention of project management scholars and practitioners has turned to the study of the inherent complexity in projects (Pich, Loch, & DeMeyer, 2002) and dealing effectively with complexity in megaprojects (Hu, Chan, Le, & Jin, 2015; Locatelli, Mikic, Kovasevic, Brooks, & Ivanisevic, 2017; Pitsis, Clegg, Freeder, Sankaran, & Burdon, 2018). The need for a systemic approach to deal with complexity in projects has prompted universities teaching project management to introduce courses to project management students that teach various systems approaches such as the iceberg model (events, patterns, structures, mental models), system dynamics (causal loops and stock‐and‐flow diagrams), system archetypes, soft systems thinking, viable systems models and complex adaptive systems (Sheffield, Sankaran, & Haslett, 2015).…”