MEMS caesium vapour cell for european micro-atomic-clock

Knapkiewicz, Paweł; Dziuban, Jan; Walczak, Rafał; Mauri, Luca; Dziuban, P.; Gorecki, C.

doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2010.09.210

Cited by 26 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…This allows experimental parameters to be measured efficiently. This has applications for optical magnetometry [22], optical thermometry [23][24][25], number density measurements in optically thick vapour [26,27], and diagnostics for devices such as vacuum dispensers [28][29][30] and vapour cells [31][32][33][34][35].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ElecSus: A program to calculate the electric susceptibility of an atomic ensemble

Zentile

Keaveney

Weller

et al. 2015

Computer Physics Communications

138

149

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a b s t r a c tWe present a computer program and underlying model to calculate the electric susceptibility of a gas, which is essential to predict its absorptive and dispersive properties. Our program focuses on alkali-metal vapours where we use a matrix representation of the atomic Hamiltonian in the completely uncoupled basis in order to calculate transition frequencies and strengths. The program calculates various spectra for a weak-probe laser beam in an atomic medium with an applied axial magnetic field. This allows many optical devices to be designed, such as Faraday rotators/filters, optical isolators and circular polarisation filters. Fitting routines are also provided with the program which allows the user to perform optical metrology by fitting to experimental data. Program summary Program title: ElecSus Catalogue identifier: AEVD_v1_0Program summary URL:

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ElecSus: A program to calculate the electric susceptibility of an atomic ensemble

Zentile

Keaveney

Weller

et al. 2015

Computer Physics Communications

138

149

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…CPT interaction occurs in a 2-mm diameter and 1.4-mm long microfabricated cell realized according to the process flow described in [17][18][19]. The cell temperature is stabilized at the mK level using a commercial temperature controller.…”

Section: Experimental Set-upmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the frame of the challenging european MAC-TFC project aiming to develop the first european CSAC prototype, Cs vapor microcells filled with a mixture of buffer gases (Ne and Ar) were realized in Wroclaw University as described in [17]. Mixtures with N 2 were not allowed due to the absorption of this gas by the Cs dispenser used for Cs activation and filling process [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First-order cancellation of the Cs clock frequency temperature-dependence in Ne-Ar buffer gas mixture

Boudot¹,

Miletic²,

Dziuban³

et al. 2011

Opt. Express

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Through the detection of Coherent Population Trapping (CPT) resonances, we demonstrate the temperature-dependence cancellation of the Cs clock frequency in microfabricated vapor cells filled with a mixture of Ne and Ar. The inversion temperature at which the Cs clock frequency temperature sensitivity is greatly reduced only depends on the partial pressure of buffer gases and is measured to be lower than 80 • C as expected with simple theoretical calculations. These results are important for the development of state-of-the-art Cs vapor cell clocks with improved long-term frequency stability.

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“…These materials are the most commonly used when high resistance for aggressive chemicals [1][2][3][4] and high stability of inner atmosphere (including vacuum) [5][6][7][8] are required. Moreover, silicon-glass sensors can work where ionizing radiation occurs, e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sealing of silicon-glass microcavities with polymer filling

Knapkiewicz¹,

Augustyniak²

2016

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences

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Abstract. Investigation of hermetic sealing of selected polymers in silicon-glass microcavities has been presented. The anodic bonding method has been adapted for hermetic encapsulation of the polymer in microcavity. According to standard conditions of the anodic bonding process (temperature: 400°C, voltage: 1000 V), the main challenge was the significant reduction of temperature in order to avoid degradation of the polymer. An analysis of the influence of reduced temperature and oxygen-free atmosphere on bond quality has been done. Proper parameters of the anodic bonding process enabling good and hermetic encapsulation of the polymer in the microcavity as well as optimal polymer treatment have been elaborated. Studies have shown that the closure of high density polyethylene in microcavity by anodic bonding process at a temperature reduced to 340°C is possible. This procedure will be used for the fabrication of main elements for a new family of high radiation MEMS sensors.Key words: anodic bonding, polymer filling, sealing of silicon and glass.Sealing of silicon-glass microcavities with polymer filling P. KNAPKIEWICZ* and I. AUGUSTYNIAK Faculty of Microsystem Electronics and Photonics, Wrocław University of Technology, 11/17 Janiszewskiego St., 50-372 Wrocław, Poland in presence of polymer, reduced temperature and oxygen-free atmosphere is necessary and is the main subject of this article. The technology developed and described here opens the way to fabricate MEMS sensors of high level of radiation. The development of high radiation MEMS sensor, including sensor technology and radiation tests, is presented in [21]. Technical analysis2.1. Anodic bonding process. The direct silicon-to-glass anodic bonding is a direct sealing process in which a stable chemical bond between bonded materials is obtained. The anodic bonding process is a complicated chemical reaction, which has been shown in three main steps (Fig. 1) [22]:• generation of electrostatic force by applied voltage -initiation of joining substrates, • formation of depleted layer in glass by sodium ion current, • formation of Si-O chemical bond.

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MEMS caesium vapour cell for european micro-atomic-clock

Cited by 26 publications

References 1 publication

ElecSus: A program to calculate the electric susceptibility of an atomic ensemble

ElecSus: A program to calculate the electric susceptibility of an atomic ensemble

First-order cancellation of the Cs clock frequency temperature-dependence in Ne-Ar buffer gas mixture

Sealing of silicon-glass microcavities with polymer filling

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