Merits and Limitations of Mathematical Modeling and Computational Simulations in Mitigation of COVID-19 Pandemic: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

Mathematical models have assisted in describing the transmission and propagation dynamics of various viral diseases like MERS, measles, SARS, and Influenza; while the advanced computational technique is utilized in the epidemiology of viral diseases to examine and estimate the influences of interventions and vaccinations. In March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) has declared the COVID-19 as a global pandemic and the rate of morbidity and mortality triggers unprecedented public health crises throughout the world. The mathematical models can assist in improving the interventions, key transmission parameters, public health agencies, and countermeasures to mitigate this pandemic. Besides, the mathematical models were also used to examine the characteristics of epidemiological and the understanding of the complex transmission mechanism. Our literature study found that there were still some challenges in mathematical modeling for the case of ecology, genetics, microbiology, and pathology pose; also, some aspects like political and societal issues and cultural and ethical standards are hard to be characterized. Here, the recent mathematical models about COVID-19 and their prominent features, applications, limitations, and future perspective are discussed and reviewed. This review can assist in further improvement of mathematical models that will consider the current challenges of viral diseases.

Inconel 718 Turning Process Parameters Optimization with MQL Nanofluid Based on CuO Nanoparticles

“…Effect of Cutting Speed and Weight % on Surface Roughness. The contour plot shown in Figure 12 indicates that the lowest roughness is obtained when weight % is high and cutting speed is low [31][32][33]. This area appears at the front right corner of the plot.…”

“…It was found that after 4 hr, nanoparticles start agglomerating. Hence, magnetic stirrer for 3 hr followed by an ultrasonication bath process for 2 hr was used to uniformly distribute and stabilize CuO nanoparticles [33][34][35][36]. The procedure followed in the preparation of nanofluid is well illustrated in Figure 2.…”

Continuum Robots and Magnetic Soft Robots: From Models to Interdisciplinary Challenges for Medical Applications

“…Despite the extensive applicability of mathematical models across various disciplines, they exhibit notable limitations [ 221 , 222 ]. In biological applications, models often fail to capture the full complexity of biological systems, such as nonlinear interactions among multiple cells [ 223 ].…”

Revisiting the complex time-varying effect of non-pharmaceutical interventions on COVID-19 transmission in the United States

“…Several previous studies have explored the potential of lifting NPIs as the vaccination coverage increased to a pre-set level via mathematical models ( 20–23 ). Many of these modeling studies have provided constructive suggestions on delaying the relaxation of NPIs, but the reliability of simulation evidence would be challenged by the uncertainty of real-world vaccine efficacy and the emergence of new variants ( 24 , 25 ). However, only one study has investigated the real-world combined effect of NPIs and vaccination and revealed a time-varying interaction effect between NPIs and vaccination ( 16 ).…”