Meta-Analysis of the Association between Vitamin D and Autoimmune Thyroid Disease

Abstract

Although emerging evidence suggests that low levels of vitamin D may contribute to the development of autoimmune disease, the relationship between vitamin D reduction and autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD), which includes Graves’ disease (GD) and Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT), is still controversial. The aim was to evaluate the association between vitamin D levels and AITD through systematic literature review. We identified all studies that assessed the association between vitamin D and AITD from PubMed, Embase, CENTRAL, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases. We included studies that compared vitamin D levels between AITD cases and controls as well as those that measured the odds of vitamin D deficiency by AITD status. We combined the standardized mean differences (SMD) or the odds ratios (OR) in a random effects model. Twenty case-control studies provided data for a quantitative meta-analysis. Compared to controls, AITD patients had lower levels of 25(OH)D (SMD: −0.99, 95% CI: −1.31, −0.66) and were more likely to be deficient in 25(OH)D (OR 2.99, 95% CI: 1.88, 4.74). Furthermore, subgroup analyses result showed that GD and HT patients also had lower 25(OH)D levels and were more likely to have a 25(OH)D deficiency, suggesting that low levels of serum 25(OH)D was related to AITD.

Concomitant autoimmune thyroiditis and primary hyperparathyroidism – random association? Two cases report

“…It regulates T helper lymphocytes (Th1, Th2, Th17) and their cytokine secretion (as IFN γ), which are involved in the development of thyroid autoimmunity [15]. A correlation between AIT and reduced vitamin D action (as some polymorphisms of vitamin D receptor gene, vitamin D binding proteins, 1-and 25 hydroxylase) has also been demonstrated [16].…”

Вплив Додаткового Призначення Вітаміну D На Інсулінорезистентність У Хворих На Гіпотиреоз

“…In comparison to healthy controls, subjects with hypothyroidism have significantly lower circulating concentration of 25(OH)D [4]. Animal studies have shown that vitamin D is a basic factor, necessary for normal insulin secretion [5].…”

Hypothyrodism as a risk factor of periodontitis and its relation with vitamin D deficiency: mini-review of literature and a case report

“…Thyroid function test and anti-thyroid antibodies should be analyzed for disease detection. The level of TSH is inversely proportional to the level of T3 and T4 (2)(3)(4). In females, it plays an important role through direct and indirect mechanisms.…”

“…Vitamin D receptors were detected in bone, kidney, intestine, muscles, brain, liver and immune system (T, B cells, macrophages, monophages). Vitamin D has a potent role in regulating calcium-phosphorus metabolism (4). Vitamin D is considered as an essential immunoregulator.…”

“…Intimate relationship was detected between the autoimmune thyroid deficiency and the vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism (4). Nowadays, vitamin D deficiency was detected to be the causative factor of a wide range of systemic diseases other than bony disorders as autoimmune, inflammatory and oncological as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, type I diabetes, and inflammatory bowel disease (3,4,14,15). Below 20 ng/ml, the vitamin D is considered to be deficient.…”