Meta-Analysis on Mediated Contact and Prejudice

Banas, John A.; Bessarabova, Elena; Massey, Zachary B.

doi:10.1093/hcr/hqaa004

Cited by 69 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Vast empirical evidence shows that parasocial contact affects perceptions of a disliked outgroup. A recent meta‐analysis on mediated contact reported 56 studies, which examined both negative and positive parasocial contacts with different minority groups and their effects on prejudice (Banas et al., 2020). The paper cited numerous studies showing an improvement in attitudes upon positive exposure in videos toward immigrants, LGBTQ individuals, Muslims, African Americans, people with mental illnesses, and with STDs.…”

Section: Television Changing Viewsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Multiple research projects indicated that modeling of positive intergroup interactions results in the vicarious learning of positive diversity attitudes. The aforementioned meta‐analysis of mediated contact listed 22 studies featuring vicarious intergroup contact (Banas et al., 2020). The cited studies reported an improvement in attitudes toward immigrants, LGBTQ people, Muslims, and African Americans, thus proving that vicarious intergroup contact on television affects the audiences' perceptions.…”

Section: Television Changing Viewsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Can TV shows promote acceptance of sexual and ethnic minorities? A literature review of television effects on diversity attitudes

et al. 2021

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Until recently, western TV programming rarely featured sexual or ethnic minority members; if present, their representation was mostly negative. Increasingly, though, diverse characters start to play likeable protagonists as well. Thus, television can promote negative diversity attitudes and, at other times, positive ones. The present article reviews and connects theories and research from sociology, psychology, and media and communication studies to clarify the role of television in diversity attitudes formation and to identify directions for future research. Specifically, two research questions are addressed. First, through which processes does television influence diversity attitudes? Second, what features of TV shows contribute to positive diversity attitudes formation among viewers, according to different theories of television effects? Findings indicate that television can entrench existing negative diversity attitudes through the echo chamber phenomenon. However, TV content featuring numerous, likeable, attractive, and typical minority characters that have friendly interactions with the rest of society can promote positive diversity attitudes. Future research should study openness to view content with minority characters, examine the effects of the complete video media diets, check media effects in non‐western countries, explore media effects in longitudinal studies and investigate what constitutes attractive, likeable, and typical representation of ethnic and sexual minorities.

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Section: Television Changing Viewsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Television Changing Viewsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can TV shows promote acceptance of sexual and ethnic minorities? A literature review of television effects on diversity attitudes

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Spurred by the literature demonstrating the association between face‐to‐face cross‐group interactions (or direct intergroup contact) and reduced prejudice, scholars began to explore indirect forms of intergroup contact (i.e., those that do not require two individuals to interact with one another in close physical proximity; Harwood, 2010). The efficacy of many indirect contact strategies have now been established (see White et al., this volume), including imagined contact (Miles & Crisp, 2014), extended contact (Zhou et al., 2019), representations of outgroups in the media (Banas et al., 2020), and computer‐mediated contact (White et al., 2020).…”

Section: Technique Research Benefits Applied Benefits Constraintsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In an intergroup context, research has shown that watching an intergroup encounter ( vicarious contact; Mazziotta et al., 2011), viewing a person from an outgroup ( mediated contact; Park, 2012), or forming a perceived connection with an outgroup character ( parasocial contact; Schiappa et al., 2006) can all reduce intergroup prejudice (Banas et al., 2020). Evidence also indicates that intergroup encounters are shaped by what individuals have previously learned about the outgroup (MacInnis & Page‐Gould, 2015; O'Donnell et al., 2019; Paolini et al., 2016).…”

Section: Contextualizing Intergroup Contactmentioning

confidence: 99%

Technological and analytical advancements in intergroup contact research

O’Donnell

Friehs

Bracegirdle

et al. 2021

Journal of Social Issues

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The prolific expansion of intergroup contact research has established that intergroup interactions are tightly linked to social integration. In this review, recent technological and statistical innovations with the potential to advance this body of research are presented. First, concerns over the validity of longitudinal models are discussed before innovative analytical techniques are introduced that explore change over time. Next, intensive repeated measure designs, such as experience sampling approaches, are introduced as opportunities to investigate the day-today lives of individuals. Virtual reality technology is then presented as another means to examine naturalistic contact experiences in the laboratory, offering researchers an unrivaled capacity to induce uncommon contact experiences. Finally, we propose that additional sources of contextual data, such as competing media messages, could extend these models in innovative ways by accounting for the time and place surrounding intergroup contact. Similarly, longitudinal social network analysis can provide additional contextual information by considering the broader network environment in which contact occurs. We describe these innovations with the intention of spurring future research that will advance our understanding of how intergroup contact can be used to improve our societies. Thus, we

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“…Moreover, it is hypothesized that girls will show more positive attitudes toward children with autism compared to boys (H3) because they might be brought up to take care of others more than boys are (Feingold, 1994;Morawska, 2020;Su et al, 2009). Finally, intergroup literature has shown that regular contact improves attitudes toward disability (Banas et al, 2020;Schwab, 2017;Vignes et al, 2009). Consequently, it is hypothesized that children who are more familiar with disability and especially with autism will report more positive attitudes toward children with autism compared to children who are not familiar with disability/autism.…”

Section: Overview and Hypothesesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Another step to school inclusion: Development and validation of the Children’s Attitudes Toward Autism Questionnaire

Aubé

Rohmer

Marotta

et al. 2021

Autism

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Negatives attitudes toward children with autism are an important barrier to school inclusion. Despite the increasing amount of research, no psychometrically sound scale reliably measures these attitudes in young students. Our aim was to develop and validate a tool (Children’s Attitudes Toward Autism Questionnaire) to evaluate attitudes (three dimensions) of students in elementary school toward peers with autism. Elementary school students ( N = 204) completed the Children’s Attitudes Toward Autism Questionnaire and two other scales assessing behavioral intentions toward peers with mental disability (Shared Activities Questionnaire-B) and familiarity with disability and autism. The confirmatory factor analysis first showed a satisfactory model fit ( χ2/df = 3.65, root mean square error of approximation = 0.114, adjusted goodness of fit index = 0.970, standardized root mean square residual = 0.067, comparative fit index = 0.967, and non-normed fit index = 0.963) and internal consistency for each dimension was good (>0.70). Second, attitudes were more positive in girls, older children, and children familiar with disability (but not with autism). The behavioral dimension of the Children’s Attitudes Toward Autism Questionnaire had the strongest association with the Shared Activities Questionnaire-B. The Children’s Attitudes Toward Autism Questionnaire is the first scale (1) to assess the three dimensions of attitudes toward autism (2) among children (from the age of 6 years old) and (3) to show good psychometric quality. With the Children’s Attitudes Toward Autism Questionnaire, researchers can reliably measure children’s attitudes toward peers with autism, which is especially necessary when evaluating the effectiveness of much-needed anti-stigma programs. Lay abstract Research has shown that negative attitudes toward a different child can appear very early in development. Unfortunately, these negative attitudes are one of the most important barriers to the school inclusion of children with autism. Despite the increasing amount of research, no tool reliably measures these attitudes among young students. The objective of this study was to develop and validate a questionnaire (Children’s Attitudes Toward Autism Questionnaire) to evaluate attitudes of students in elementary school toward their peers with autism. Elementary school students ( N = 204) completed the Children’s Attitudes Toward Autism Questionnaire and two other scales assessing behavioral intentions toward peers with a mental disability (Shared Activities Questionnaire-B) and familiarity with disability and autism. Results first showed that the Children’s Attitudes Toward Autism Questionnaire reliably measured the concept of attitude through three sub-dimensions (namely, the cognitive, affective, and behavioral dimensions). Second, analyses confirmed that the Children’s Attitudes Toward Autism Questionnaire corresponds with previous knowledge on this topic, namely, that attitudes were more positive in girls, older children, and children familiar with disability. In conclusion, the Children’s Attitudes Toward Autism Questionnaire is the first scale (1) to assess all the dimensions of attitudes toward autism among elementary school children (from the age of 6 years old) and (2) to show theoretical and statistical relevance. From now on, the Children’s Attitudes Toward Autism Questionnaire can be used to assess attitudes of young children toward their peers with autism. This is an important step forward, in particular for evaluating the effects of anti-stigma programs that are increasingly implemented in schools.

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Meta-Analysis on Mediated Contact and Prejudice

Cited by 69 publications

References 65 publications

Can TV shows promote acceptance of sexual and ethnic minorities? A literature review of television effects on diversity attitudes

Can TV shows promote acceptance of sexual and ethnic minorities? A literature review of television effects on diversity attitudes

Technological and analytical advancements in intergroup contact research

Another step to school inclusion: Development and validation of the Children’s Attitudes Toward Autism Questionnaire

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