Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise Training

Abstract

The health benefits of exercise have attracted substantial attention, because regular exercise can strengthen muscles and improve endurance. Physical activity is an integral part of an overall healthy lifestyle, which helps protect against chronic diseases, such as obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. In consideration of the differences in duration, intensity, and type of activity of exercise, it is likely to involve different signaling pathways and bring different benefits in different tissues. Here we review our growing knowledge of exercise training adaptations and regulation in cellular processes related to energy metabolism, aging and autophagy, and many important findings remain to be discovered.

Role of Histone Deacetylases in Skeletal Muscle Physiology and Systemic Energy Homeostasis: Implications for Metabolic Diseases and Therapy

“…These important functions require delicate regulations in muscle from the level of genome to signal transduction, establishing muscle plasticity, and responses to environmental stress. Acetyl-CoA as a central metabolite of amino acid/fatty acid/glucose not only serves as fuel for energy expenditure but also bridges the gap between environmental stress and organismal response (Lempradl et al, 2015;Liu et al, 2020). This control occurs through post-translational modification on nucleosomes histone lysine residues and other signal transducing proteins, which in turn controls accessibility of DNA to regulatory factors and protein activity.…”

Exercise as a therapy for cancer-induced muscle wasting

“… 143 , 144 A single bout of exercise in healthy individuals activates muscle signaling pathways linked to energy metabolism and, when repeated over-time (i.e., training) can elicit beneficial metabolic adaptations. 145 , 146 Hence, exercise's potential therapeutic role in preventing or treating cancer cachexia should examine both the acute response and chronic adaptations to exercise. However, tumor-derived factors and increased metabolic stress can interfere with muscle mechanical signaling.…”