Metabolic and cardioventilatory responses during a graded exercise test before and 24?h after a triathlon

Gallais, Daniel Le; Hayot, Maurice; Hue, Olivier; Wouassi, Dieudonné; Boussana, Alain; Ramonatxo, M; Préfaut, Christian

doi:10.1007/s004210050492

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Even under varied circumstances (e.g. participating in a triathlon before ergometry) and in older subjects and sick persons, this procedure provides an adequate reproducibility of respiratory raw data and of deduced parameters (Le Gallais et al 1999;Lehmann and KoÈ lling 1996;Marburger et al 1998;Meyer et al 1997). Other investigators have made use of related methods to compare workloads under changing conditions, for example walking with varying kinds of rucksacks (Lloyd and Cook 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Transferability of workload measurements between three different types of ergometer

et al. 2000

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The aim of this study was to test the transferability of workload measurements between three different types of bicycle ergometer. Two common ergometers (Lode Excalibur and Avantronic Cyclus 2) were compared with a powermeter (Schoberer SRM system) that enables the measurement of power output during road cycling. Twelve well-trained subjects participated in this study. Within 12 h, each subject carried out three separate graded incremental exercise tests on each of the ergometric devices, and their oxygen uptake (VO2) and heart rate were determined. The three test protocols were identical: after warm-up, four stages of 4 min each at exercise intensities of 100, 150, 200, and 250 W. Pedalling frequency was controlled and there was no difference between the three ergometers. Tests were administered in a random order. Neither VO2 nor heart rate was affected by the type of ergometer used. For a given intensity, the same values were found in the two laboratory tests and in the field test (VO2: P = 0.425; heart rate: P = 0.845). Thus, the transferability of workload measurements between two different laboratory cycling ergometers and an ambulatory device was proven. Equivalency was determined using VO2 and heart rate as indices of metabolic and cardiovascular strain, respectively.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Transferability of workload measurements between three different types of ergometer

et al. 2000

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“…Despite the different modalities and categories, Olympic triathlon, involving 1.5 km swimming, a 40 km bicycling and a 10 km running; and Ironman triathlon involving 3.8 km swimming, 180 km bicycling and 42.2 km running, are the two most common triathlon competitions. Although considerable research has examined the physiological responses to triathlon (Bentley et al 2002;Landers et al 2000;Le Gallais et al 1999;Millet et al 2003;Roalstad 1989), the impact that triathlons might have on the fat-bone axis hormonal responses has not been studied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Osteocalcin as a negative regulator of serum leptin concentration in humans: insight from triathlon competitions

et al. 2010

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Osteocalcin is a hormone produced by osteoblasts which acts as a negative regulator of fat mass, protecting against diet induced obesity and insulin resistance in rodents. To determine if an acute increase in osteocalcin concentration is associated with opposed changes in circulating leptin levels and insulin resistance we studied 15 middle and long distance male triathletes, (age 32.1 ± 6.9 years), before and 48 h after an Olympic (OT) or an Ironman (IT) triathlon competition. Muscle power, anaerobic capacity, body composition (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), and serum concentrations of testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, osteocalcin, leptin, glucose, insulin and insulin resistance (HOMA) were determined pre- and post-race. Pre- and 48 h post-race total and regional lean body mass was not altered, but fat mass was similarly increased (~250 g) 48 h after the competitions. This elicited an increase in plasma leptin of 33% after the IT while it remained unchanged after the OT, likely due to a 25% increase in plasma osteocalcin which occurred only after the OT (all p < 0.05). Post-race HOMA remained unchanged in OT and IT. Performance was normalized 48 h after the competitions, with the exception of a slightly lower jumping capacity after the IT. Serum testosterone concentration tended to decrease by 10% after the IT whilst dihydrotestosterone was reduced by 24% after the IT. In conclusion, an acute increase in serum osteocalcin concentration blunts the expected increase of serum leptin concentration that should occur with fat mass gain. This study provides evidence for osteocalcin as a negative regulator of serum leptin in humans.

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“…Corresponding values in cycling are slightly lower (O'Toole et al 1989;Schneider and Pollack 1991;Basset and Boulay 2000;Hue et al 2000). Still, _ V O 2 peak has not appeared to be a good predictor of triathlon performance in elite triathletes (O'Toole et al 1987;Le Gallais et al 1999). Submaximal exercise intensity markers such as the so-called anaerobic threshold (Schabort et al 2000) or the economy of effort (Dengel et al 1989;Toussaint 1991;Miura et al 1997) conceivably yield a higher validity to predict triathlon performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Prediction of sprint triathlon performance from laboratory tests

2003

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This study investigated whether sprint triathlon performance can be adequately predicted from laboratory tests. Ten triathletes [mean (SEM), age 21.8 (0.3) years, height 179 (2) cm, body mass 67.5 (2.5) kg] performed two graded maximal exercise test in random order, either on their own bicycle which was mounted on an ergometer or on a treadmill, to determine their peak oxygen consumption ( VO(2)peak). Furthermore, they participated in two to three 30-min constant-load tests in both swimming, cycling and running to establish their maximal lactate steady state (MLSS) in each exercise mode. Swim tests were performed in a 25-m swimming pool (water temperature 27 degrees C). During each test heart rate (HR), power output (PO) or running/swimming speed and blood lactate concentration (BLC) were recorded at regular intervals. Oxygen uptake ( VO(2)) was continuously measured during the graded tests. Two weeks after the laboratory tests all subjects competed in a triathlon race (500 m swim, 20-km bike, 5-km run) [1 h 4 min 45 s (1 min 38 s)]. Peak HR was 7 beats.min(-1) lower in the graded cycle test than in the treadmill test ( p<0.05) at similar peak BLC (approximately 10 mmol.l(-1)) and VO(2)peak (approximately 5 L.min(-1)). High correlations were found between VO(2)peak during cycling ( r=-0.71, p<0.05) or running ( r=-0.69, p<0.05) and triathlon performance. Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that running speed and swimming speed at MLSS, together with BLC in running at MLSS, yielded the best prediction of performance [1 h 5 min 18 s (1 min 49 s)]. Thus, our data indicate that exercise tests aimed to determine MLSS in running and swimming allow for a precise estimation of sprint triathlon performance.

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Metabolic and cardioventilatory responses during a graded exercise test before and 24?h after a triathlon

Cited by 11 publications

References 25 publications

Transferability of workload measurements between three different types of ergometer

Transferability of workload measurements between three different types of ergometer

Osteocalcin as a negative regulator of serum leptin concentration in humans: insight from triathlon competitions

Prediction of sprint triathlon performance from laboratory tests

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