Metabolic Complications Associated with the Use of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy in HIV-1–Infected Adults

Monier, P; Wilcox, Ronald D

doi:10.1097/00000441-200407000-00007

Cited by 29 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…HAART also produces metabolic alterations as side effects, such as hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, insulin resistance and lactic acidosis. 7,8 These metabolic changes do not affect all patients on HAART, and this supports the hypothesis that they are caused not only by this drug but also by genetics and behavioral variables like food consumption and stress. 8 Healthier eating may offset or at least minimize these side effects, and this, along with the already known benefits of a healthy diet, 5 gives rise to the need for food intake assessment in this group.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 71%

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Inadequate food intake among adults living with HIV

2013

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CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: The number of people living with HIV (PLHIV) in Brazil is between 600,000 and 890,000. Assessing the diet is important in planning healthcare actions and improving PLHIV's quality of life. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of inappropriate protein, total fat, saturated fat, carbohydrate, fiber, sodium, calcium and cholesterol intake among PVHIV on highly-active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study in nine Specialized STD/AIDS Healthcare Centers in São Paulo. METHODS: Men and women aged 20 to 59 years, on HAART for at least three months, were included. Nutrient intake was assessed using 24-hour food recall applied in person and repeated among 30% of the population by telephone. The between and within-person variances were corrected. RESULTS: 507 individuals were evaluated: 58% male, mean age 41.7 years (standard deviation, SD = 7.8).The mean time since HIV diagnosis was 6.6 years (SD = 4.1), and since HAART onset, 5.1 years (SD = 3.3).More than 20% of the population presented intake above the recommendations for saturated fat, cholesterol and/or sodium, and below the recommendations for fiber. The recommended maximum tolerable sodium level was exceeded by 99% of the sample, and 86% of men and 94% of women did not reach the daily recommendations for calcium. Protein, carbohydrate and total fat intakes were adequate for the majority of the population. CONCLUSIONS: A significant portion of the population presented inappropriate intake of saturated fat, sodium, fiber and calcium. Interventions aimed at improving PLHIV's dietary quality are needed. DP = 7,8). O tempo médio de infecção por HIV foi de 6,6 anos (DP = 4,1), e de TARV, de 5,1 anos (DP = 3,3). Mais que 20% da população apresentou consumo acima das recomendações para lipídios saturados, colesterol e/ou sódio, e abaixo para fibras. Excederam a recomendação máxima tolerada para sódio 99% da amostra, enquanto 86% dos homens e 94% das mulheres não atingiram as recomendações diárias para o cálcio. O consumo de proteínas, carboidratos e lipídios totais mostrou-se adequado para a maioria da população. CONCLUSÕES: Uma importante parcela da população apresentou consumo inadequado para lipídios saturados, sódio, fibras e cálcio. Intervenções que visem melhorar a qualidade da dieta de PVH são necessárias. RESUMO IBSc. Doctoral Student of Public Health Nutrition,

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 71%

“…7 On the other hand, the levels of dietary fiber, which is known to be a protective factor against cardiovascular diseases, and helps to control insulin resistance and dyslipidemia, 25,26 were inadequate in 65% of the population. This proportion reached 84% among men between 19…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inadequate food intake among adults living with HIV

2013

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“…Oral glucose tolerance and hyperinsulinemic/euglycemic clamp procedures revealed glucose intolerance and insulin resistance in HIV-positive patients treated with a PI-based HAART (7,14,25,30). These metabolic abnormalities were found to be associated with PI use but less frequently associated with NRTI or NNRTI use (45), demographic, and virologic factors (36).…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

HIV-protease inhibitors induce expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling-1 in insulin-sensitive tissues and promote insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus

Carper

Cade²,

Cam³

et al. 2008

American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

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“…However, the high incidence of resistance in therapy-experienced and newly infected patients underscores the need for new antiretroviral agents (11,17,32,51). Increasing the number of anti-AIDS drugs would also facilitate the management of their side effects (37).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibition of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Reverse Transcriptase, RNase H, and Integrase Activities by Hydroxytropolones

Didierjean¹,

Isel²,

Querré

et al. 2005

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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Human immunodeficiency virus type I reverse transcriptase (RT) possesses distinct DNA polymerase and RNase H sites, whereas integrase (IN) uses the same active site to perform 3-end processing and strand transfer of the proviral DNA. These four enzymatic activities are essential for viral replication and require metal ions. Two Mg 2؉ ions are present in the RT polymerase site, and one or two Mg 2؉ ions are required for the catalytic activities of RNase H and IN. We tested the possibility of inhibition of the RT polymerase and RNase H as well as the IN 3-end processing and transfer activities of purified enzymes by a series of 3,7-dihydroxytropolones designed to target two Mg 2؉ ions separated by ϳ3.7 Å. The RT polymerase and IN 3 processing and strand transfer activities were inhibited at submicromolar concentrations, while the RNase H activity was inhibited in the low micromolar range. In all cases, the lack of inhibition by tropolones and O-methylated 3,7-dihydroxytropolones was consistent with the active molecules binding the metal ions in the active site. In addition, inhibition of the DNA polymerase activity was shown to depend on the Mg 2؉ concentration. Furthermore, selective inhibitors were identified for several of the activities tested, leaving some potential for design of improved inhibitors. However, all tested compounds exhibited cellular toxicity that presently limits their applications.

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Metabolic Complications Associated with the Use of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy in HIV-1–Infected Adults

Cited by 29 publications

References 51 publications

Inadequate food intake among adults living with HIV

Inadequate food intake among adults living with HIV

HIV-protease inhibitors induce expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling-1 in insulin-sensitive tissues and promote insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus

Inhibition of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Reverse Transcriptase, RNase H, and Integrase Activities by Hydroxytropolones

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