Metabolic Rate and O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; Consumption in Newborns during Different States of Vigilance

Stabell, U.; Junge, M.; Fenner, Annette

doi:10.1159/000240939

Cited by 11 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…2) The clinical diagnosis of REMsleep is unreliable in 19% of the cases (16) and finally, 3) V01 differences between REM and non-REM sleep are controversial (7,33,34). The simplified activity scale developed in the present study shows a highly significant linear correlation between its four activity levels and their corresponding energy expenditure values (Fig.…”

Section: Energy Cost Of Activity a Number Of Authors Have Developedmentioning

confidence: 65%

“…activity scales based primarily on visual observation of the infant's body movements (7,(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16). Their aim were either to investigate the rate of physical activity as an index of the infant's brain function (1 3, 14, 16), or to assess criteria for physical rest in metabolic studies (7,9,11,12,15,16,(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36).…”

Section: Energy Cost Of Activity a Number Of Authors Have Developedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Their aim were either to investigate the rate of physical activity as an index of the infant's brain function (1 3, 14, 16), or to assess criteria for physical rest in metabolic studies (7,9,11,12,15,16,(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36). In a few studies (7, 9, 31-34) an attempt was made to determine the energy expenditure at given levels of activity, but no attempt was made to correlate the grade of activity to the rate of energy expenditure.…”

Section: Energy Cost Of Activity a Number Of Authors Have Developedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, measurements of energy expenditure in premature babies have been generally of short duration (5,(7)(8)(9), i.e. approximately 1-3 h. Therefore the extent to which these limited periods of measurement can be extrapolated to 24 h is still uncertain.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although several methods have been developed to score changes in spontaneous physical activity of infants (7,(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16), it is not known to what extent these scores are related to the rate of energy expenditure. Because the thermogenic response itself can be influenced by several factors such as duration of measurement, feeding frequency, size and type of test meal, the published measurements give variable results (9,12,(17)(18)(19)(20).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Energy Balance, Physical Activity, and Thermogenic Effect of Feeding in Premature Infants

et al. 1986

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ABSTRACT. In order to assess the contribution of the thermogenic effect of feeding and muscular activity to total energy expenditure, nine premature infants were studied for 2 consecutive days during which time repeated measurements of energy expenditure by indirect calorimetry were performed throughout the day, combined with a visual activity score based on body movement. The infants were growing at 16.6 f 4.0 g/kg/day (mean f SD) and received 110 + 8 kcal/kg/day metabolizable energy (milk formula) and 522 + 40 mg N/kg/day. Their total energy expenditure was 68 f 4 kcal/kg/day indicating that 41 2 7 kcal/kg/day was retained for growth. Based on the combination of energy + N balances it was estimated that 80% of the weight gain was fat-free tissue and 20% was fat tissue. The rate of energy expenditure measured minute-by-minute was significantly and linearly correlated with the activity score in both the premeal ( r = 0.75; p < 0.001) and the postmeal periods ( r = 0.74; p < 0.001) with no difference in the regression slope, but with a significant difference in intercept. In preset feeding schedules the latter allowed an estimation of the thermogenic effect without the confounding effect of activity. This was found to be 3.1 + 1.8% when expressed as a percentage of metabolizable energy intake. However when the "classical" approach was used as a comparison (integretation of extra energy expenditure induced by the meal), the thermogenic effect was found to be greater, i.e. 9.5 + 3.8% of the meal's metabolizable energy, due to the superimposed effect of physical activity in the postprandial state. The study suggests that the intradaily variation in energy expenditure in premature infants nursed according to present day techniques is almost equally due to the thermogenic effect of feeding (3.2 kcal/kg/day), and to variations in muscular activity (3.6 kcal/kg/day) both representing a small fraction of the total energy expenditure in premature infants (i.e. 4.7 and 5.3%, respectively). This work was supported by a research grant from NestlC, Vevey Switzerland. 6ing and feeding, the study of energy metabolism in preterm infants has progressed at a rapid pace. However, measurements of energy expenditure in premature babies have been generally of short duration (5, 7-9), i.e. approximately 1-3 h. Therefore the extent to which these limited periods of measurement can be extrapolated to 24 h is still uncertain. When energy expenditure of preterm infants is continuously monitored over 24 h (6), the variability of measurements generally observed is mainly due to two factors: variations in physical activity (i.e. whole body movements, crying), and the thermogenic response to feeding. Although several methods have been developed to score changes in spontaneous physical activity of infants (7, 9-16), it is not known to what extent these scores are related to the rate of energy expenditure. Because the thermogenic response itself can be influenced by several factors such as duration of measurement, feeding frequency, size and typ...

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Section: Energy Cost Of Activity a Number Of Authors Have Developedmentioning

confidence: 65%