Metabolism, Elimination, and Pharmacokinetics of the Fish Anesthetic Benzocaine

Meinertz, Jeffery R.; Stehly, Guy R.; Gingerich, William H.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-4703-7_14

Cited by 6 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…It is suggested that this low percentage recovery was probably attributable to the small volume of buffer used for extraction. However, the precision of the method (Table 1) was found to be similar to that reported by Meinertz et al [20] for OTC in Atlantic salmon muscle with R.S.D. values of 1.8 and 3.1% at 1.0 and 0.1 g/g, respectively, by Bjørklund [13] in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) muscle with 3% R.S.D at the 1.0 g/g level and by Moretti et al [15] in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatis) muscle with a R.S.D.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

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One-step liquid chromatographic method for the determination of oxytetracycline in fish muscle

Coyne

Bergh

Samuelsen

2004

Journal of Chromatography B

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

“…As a result, tissue extractants like the addition of EDTA to a mild acidic solvent or an acidic buffer has been formulated to overcome these problems and has been used by the majority of investigators [12,13,15,16,19,20]. In order to increase recovery, multiple extractions are commonly reported using either double or triple extraction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

One-step liquid chromatographic method for the determination of oxytetracycline in fish muscle

Coyne

Bergh

Samuelsen

2004

Journal of Chromatography B

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“…Disodium hydrogen phosphate (Probus, Barcelona, Spain), citric acid monohydrate (J.T. Baker, Deventer, Holland) and Na2EDTA were used to prepare Na2EDTA-McI1-vaine buffer [12,14]. Methanol (MeOH) (SDS, Peypin, France), ethyl acetate (Merck, Germany) and 2-propanol (Merck, Germany) were used for solidphase extraction (SPE).…”

Section: Reagents and Standardsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Capillary zone electrophoresis determination of oxytetracycline in pig tissue samples at maximum residue limits

2001

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SummaryThe determination of the antibiotic oxytetracycline (OTC), in pig tissues was investigated by capillaryzone electrophoresis (CZE) with a prior solicl-phase extraction (SPE) using alkyl-boncled silica and polymeric cartridges. The methodology developed allows determination of OTC in pig kidney, liver and muscle samples with detection limits below maximum residue hmitvalues, and the procedures to extract OTC and clean-up the matrix are simple and reliable. The limit of detection for OTC was 160, 120 and 85 ~g kg 1 for kidney, liver and muscle samples, respectively The average recoveries from spiked samples (200 I~g kg 1 and 1600 I~g kg 1) were in excess of 63% with coefficients of variation bel',,veen 2.0 and 9.8%. This method would be useful for routine monitoring of oxytetracychne residues in pig tissues.

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“…A benzocaína (éster etílico do ácido paraaminobenzóico) é um anestésico local utilizado em mamíferos, e em peixes é usado como anestésico geral por imersão (MEINERTZ, 1999). A benzocaína é insolúvel em água (HEAVNER, 1996).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

“…Ao término do manuseio, os animais recuperados são imersos em água saturada de oxigênio. Os parâmetros farmacocinéticos da benzocaína aumentam com a elevação da temperatura da água (MEINERTZ, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Cloridrato de benzocaína na anestesia de carpas (Cyprinus carpio)

et al. 2008

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ResumoA anestesia em peixes é indicada para permitir a realização de diversos procedimentos como: biometria, marcação, transporte, exame físico, procedimentos cirúrgicos e manejo reprodutivo. Determinou-se a dose de benzocaína na anestesia de carpas (Cyprinus carpio), com a realização de seis etapas com 40 peixes cada. O peso médio das carpas em cada etapa foi de 147,45±7,99g, 173,32±9,15g, 191,26±14,05g, 269,84±19,24g, 285,25±17,97g, e 300,91±16,45g. Em cada etapa, os peixes foram capturados e colocados em quatro recipientes com benzocaína nas concentrações de 100, 140, 180 e 220 mg/L respectivamente. O tempo de indução (TI) foi registrado para cada peixe e após a indução anestésica foi realizada a biometria. Em cada etapa foi calculada a dose mínima de benzocaína através do Linear Response Plateau (LRP), em um modelo que incluiu dose e TI. O LRP foi calculado para cada fase, e os valores encontrados foram: 125,79mg/L em 114,33s, 155,68mg/L em 115,75s, 145,33mg/L em 102,52s, 149,50mg/L em 140,53s, 166,42mg/L em 116,15s e 158,34mg/L em 102,00s. A dose ótima foi relacionada com o peso, resultando na equação: dose=114,230+0,158 x peso (r 2 =0,53). A equação mostra que um aumento no peso em 1g, corresponde a um aumento de 0,158 mg/L na dose de cloridrato de benzocaína para carpas. Palavras-chave: Peixes, carpa, benzocaína, anestesia AbstractFish anesthesia is indicated to allow the accomplishment of several procedures such as biometry, tagging, transportation, physical examination, surgical procedures, and reproductive management. The doses of benzocaine in the carp anesthesia (Cyprinus carpio) were determined, carrying through six phases with 40 fish each. The average weight of carps in each phase was of 147. 45±7.99g, 173.32±9.15g, 191.26±14.05g, 269.84±19.24g, 285.25±17.97g, and 300.91±16.45g. In each phase, fish had been captured and placed in four containers each one with different concentrations of benzocaine (100, 140, 180 and 220 mg/L respectively). The induction time (IT) was registered for each fish and after that the anesthetic induction biometry was performed. In each phase the minimal dose of benzocaine was calculated using the Linear Response Plateau (LRP), in a model that included dose and IT. The LRP was calculated for each phase: 125.79mg/L in 114.33s, 155.68mg/L in 115.75s, 145.33mg/L in 102.52s, 149.50mg/L in 140.53s, 166.42mg/L in 116.15s, and 158.34mg/L in 102.00s. The optimal dose was related with the weight, resulting in the equation: dose=114.230+0.158 x weight (r 2 =0.53). The equation shows that an increase in the weight in 1g corresponds to an increase of 0.158 mg/L in the dose of benzocaine hydrochloride for carps.

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Metabolism, Elimination, and Pharmacokinetics of the Fish Anesthetic Benzocaine

Cited by 6 publications

References 16 publications

One-step liquid chromatographic method for the determination of oxytetracycline in fish muscle

One-step liquid chromatographic method for the determination of oxytetracycline in fish muscle

Capillary zone electrophoresis determination of oxytetracycline in pig tissue samples at maximum residue limits

Cloridrato de benzocaína na anestesia de carpas (Cyprinus carpio)

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