Metabolism in the Tumor Microenvironment

Montenegro, Francesca; Indraccolo, Stefano

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-44518-8_1

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…In vivo solid tumor masses are characterized by restrictions in the diffusion of nutrients and oxygen, promoting altered metabolic profiles [62], and hypoxia [63], that culminate with the appearance of necrotic regions. The establishment of these altered microenvironments within tumors volume has been found to contribute to altered phenotypes and appearance of cancer/stromal cells sub-populations [64].…”

Section: Decm-spheroids Assemblymentioning

confidence: 99%

Organotypic 3D decellularized matrix tumor spheroids for high-throughput drug screening

et al. 2021

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Section: Decm-spheroids Assemblymentioning

confidence: 99%

Organotypic 3D decellularized matrix tumor spheroids for high-throughput drug screening

et al. 2021

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“…The characteristics of the tumor immune microenvironment are largely shaped by tumoral and non-tumoral components. Their localization or abundance/activity are spatially varied, including the surface expression of inhibitory immune checkpoints (such as well-known programmed death-ligand 1; PD-L1 [ 56 ]), or the secretion of immunosuppressive [ 57 ] or pro-inflammatory cytokines [ 58 ], the infiltration of immuno-suppressive or effector cells [ 59 ], and status of vasculature [ 60 ], or spatial distance to marginal region [ 61 ], or the distribution of metabolic nutrients [ 62 ]. These spatial variations also have a profound impact on the clinical prognosis and therapeutic response to treatment [ 63 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterogeneity of the tumor immune microenvironment and its clinical relevance

et al. 2022

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During the course of tumorigenesis and subsequent metastasis, malignant cells gradually diversify and become more heterogeneous. Consequently, the tumor mass might be infiltrated by diverse immune-related components, including the cytokine/chemokine environment, cytotoxic activity, or immunosuppressive elements. This immunological heterogeneity is universally presented spatially or varies temporally along with tumor evolution or therapeutic intervention across almost all solid tumors. The heterogeneity of anti-tumor immunity shows a profound association with the progression of disease and responsiveness to treatment, particularly in the realm of immunotherapy. Therefore, an accurate understanding of tumor immunological heterogeneity is essential for the development of effective therapies. Facilitated by multi-regional and -omics sequencing, single cell sequencing, and longitudinal liquid biopsy approaches, recent studies have demonstrated the potential to investigate the complexity of immunological heterogeneity of the tumors and its clinical relevance in immunotherapy. Here, we aimed to review the mechanism underlying the heterogeneity of the immune microenvironment. We also explored how clinical assessments of tumor heterogeneity might facilitate the development of more effective personalized therapies.

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“…Because malignant tumors require rapid proliferation with an energy supply, anaerobic glycolysis provides proliferation cell energy and essential products for cell division and proliferation. Tumor cell glycolysis in an aerobic environment is also known as the Warburg effect, the special metabolism of tumor cells in the tumor microenvironment [ 4 , 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Norepinephrine Enhances Aerobic Glycolysis and May Act as a Predictive Factor for Immunotherapy in Gastric Cancer

Wang

Yang

et al. 2021

Journal of Immunology Research

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Objective/Background and Aims. The gastrointestinal tract is rich in neurotransmitters, which play an essential role in the occurrence and development of gastrointestinal tumors. We aimed to explore the function of neurotransmitters in gastric cancer and identify a suitable target to treat gastric cancer patients in the future. Methods. Monoamine neurotransmitters were detected in gastric cancer tissue and paired normal tissue, and The Cancer Genome Atlas was used to identify differentially expressed norepinephrine-degrading and synthetic enzymes. Quantitative real-time PCR and the Seahorse assay were used to determine the effect of norepinephrine on gastric cancer cell glycolysis. MAOA expression in cancer tissues was analyzed by immunohistochemistry and was compared with the patient SUVmax value of PET-CT and other clinicopathological characteristics. Results. The norepinephrine levels were markedly high in gastric cancer tissue, while the norepinephrine-degrading enzymes MAOA and MAOB showed low expression. High norepinephrine levels were associated with activated glycolysis. The MAOA or MAOB expression levels in tumor tissue were closely correlated with the patient SUV max values of PET-CT and immunotherapy evaluation indices, such as PD-L1 and the microsatellite status. Conclusions. Norepinephrine shows relatively higher expression in gastric cancer tissue than in normal tissue, and its expression level is associated with the glycolysis levels in patients. The norepinephrine-degrading enzymes MAOA and MAOB have significant expression differences in cancer and normal tissue, and their missing or low expression may predict immune therapy outcomes for gastric cancer patients. High norepinephrine levels with metabolic abnormalities may be more suitable for metabolic targeted therapy or immunotherapy.

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Metabolism in the Tumor Microenvironment

Cited by 12 publications

References 71 publications

Organotypic 3D decellularized matrix tumor spheroids for high-throughput drug screening

Organotypic 3D decellularized matrix tumor spheroids for high-throughput drug screening

Heterogeneity of the tumor immune microenvironment and its clinical relevance

Norepinephrine Enhances Aerobic Glycolysis and May Act as a Predictive Factor for Immunotherapy in Gastric Cancer

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