Metabolism of aflatoxin, ochratoxin, zearalenone, and three trichothecenes by intact rumen fluid, rumen protozoa, and rumen bacteria

Kiessling, K.‐H.; Pettersson, Hans; Sandholm, Kerstin; Olsen, M.

doi:10.1128/aem.47.5.1070-1073.1984

Cited by 281 publications

(136 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Feeding ADW to lambs did not affect their health and growth, though mycotoxins contaminated cereals were reported to cause health and production problems. However, ruminant animals are more tolerant to dietary mycotoxins, and among the ruminant species, sheep has grater potential for mycotoxins tolerance (Kiessling et al, 1984;Battacone et al, 2003). The inclusion of ADW 353 g/kg diet replacing 75% maize in the diet of lambs exhibited better performance, However, the ADW inclusion at a level of 470 g/kg diet which totally replaced maize, caused growth depression approximately 19% and 33% compared to control and 353 g ADW diets respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth, haematology, blood constituents and immunological status of lambs fed graded levels of animal feed grade damaged wheat as substitute of maize

Tripathi

Mondal

Karim

2007

Animal Physiology Nutrition

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The aim of this study was to explore possibilities of utilization of animal feed grade damaged wheat (ADW) in lamb feeding, and assess the effect of ADW and its aflatoxin on intake, growth, haematology, blood biochemical constituents and immunological status. The ADW is a slightly mouldy feed resource, which is not suitable for human consumption. The experimental ADW contained dry matter (DM) 964, organic matter 974, crude protein 153, cellulose 205 and lignin 24, and starch 732 g/kg DM. ADW also contained aflatoxin B1 50 microg/kg due to mould infestation. Thirty-five weaner lambs (90 +/- 15 days of age and 16.1 +/- 0.82 kg body weight) in a randomized design were fed for 91 days on one of four composite feed mixtures (roughage to concentrate ratio of 25:75) containing 0, 118, 235, 353 or 470 g/kg ADW, which replaced equal amounts of maize and at these inclusion levels ADW replaced 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% maize in lamb diets respectively. Dry matter intake (DMI) was similar in different level of ADW fed lambs but ADW inclusion linearly (p = 0.016) reduced DMI. Average daily gain (g/day) was higher (p = 0.038) in lambs fed 353 g ADW diet. Haematological attributes viz. WBC, haemoglobin (Hb) and mean corpuscular volume did not affect by ADW feeding whereas it increased haematocrit, mean cell Hb and decreased neutrophil, RBC counts and mean cell Hb concentration. Blood glucose and urea-N increased whereas albumin and protein level reduced by ADW feeding. ADW feeding of lambs did not affect serum IgG level. The activities of serum aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphates and acid phosphates were not affected, whereas alanine aminotransferase increased linearly (p = 0.001) with increasing levels of ADW. It is concluded that ADW containing aflatoxin B1 50 microg/kg DM can safely be incorporated in growing lamb feeding up to 353 g/kg diet without affecting growth and cellular immunity, however ADW may induce a transient alteration of hepatic enzymatic activities. Further aflatoxin content of the diet should be kept within permissible limits of respective country.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth, haematology, blood constituents and immunological status of lambs fed graded levels of animal feed grade damaged wheat as substitute of maize

Tripathi

Mondal

Karim

2007

Animal Physiology Nutrition

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“…DAS was identified according to Romer et al (1978). Zearalenol was identified according to Kiessling et al (1984). No DAS or zearalenol could be detected in the purified zearalenone.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The physiological activity of zearalenone and its oestrogenic congeners can be explained by the competition with 17P-oestradiol for the specific binding sites of the oestrogen receptor (Kiang et al 1978;Boyd & Wittliff 1978) and by interference with steroid-metabolizing enzymes (Kiessling & Pettersson 1978;Thouvenot & Morfin 1980;Olsen et al 1981). The purpose of the present investigation was to study the levels of zearalenone and a-zearalenol in blood plasma and their excretion into urine, during and after a low-dosage feeding.…”

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confidence: 92%

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Plasma and Urinary Levels of Zearalenone and α‐Zearalenol in a Prepubertal Gilt Fed Zearalenone

Olsen

Malmlöf

Pettersson

et al. 1985

Acta Pharmacologica et Toxicologica

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One prepubertal gilt, fed 192 μg zearalenone/kg body weight/day for 4 days, showed plasma concentrations of α‐zearalenol 3–4 times higher than of the parent compound during the treatment. Zearalenone and α‐zearalenol could be traced in plasma until the 5th day and in urine until the 4th day of the posttreatment period. A maximum circulating amount of zearalenone plus α‐zearalenol, 10.4 ng/ml plasma, was found on the 4th day of treatment followed by an urinary excretion of 305 ng/ml urine. All zearalenone and α‐zearalenol in plasma and urine were bound to glucuronic acid. On the second day of treatment the animal showed oedema and reddening of the vulva which became more pronounced during the treatment. Hormone analysis, however, showed that the animal had no oestrus cycle during the 3 week experimental period.

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“…Rumen protozoa as well as rumen bacteria can metabolize various mycotoxins. 39 -42 However, the detoxifying capacity of the ruminal microflora is limited and varies with changes in the dietary composition or as a consequence of metabolic diseases like rumen acidosis. 1,41,43,44 Furthermore, as multiple mycotoxins such as patulin, roquefortine C, monacolins, beauvericin and enniatins exhibit antimicrobial properties, chronic exposure to such antimicrobial mycotoxins may disturb the ruminal microbiota and result in rumen acidosis, decreased feed efficiency and productivity, and even in clinical diseases like mastitis.…”

Section: Introduction and Scope Of The Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence, prevention and remediation of toxigenic fungi and mycotoxins in silage: a review

et al. 2016

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Ruminants are considered to be less sensitive towards mycotoxins than monogastric animals because rumen microbiota have mycotoxin-detoxifying capacities. Therefore the effect of mycotoxins towards ruminants has been studied to a lesser extent compared with monogastric animals. Worldwide, a high proportion of the ruminant diet consists of silages made of forage crops (i.e. all parts of the crop above the stubble are harvested). In practice, silages are often contaminated with multiple mycotoxins. Exposure to a cocktail of mycotoxins can hamper animal production and have severe health consequences. In this article the different aspects associated with mycotoxin contamination of silage are reviewed 'from seed to feed'. An overview is given on the occurrence of toxigenic fungal species and their concomitant mycotoxins in forage crops before and after ensiling. The mycotoxin load of visually non-mouldy samples and mouldy hot spots within the same silo is also compared. Subsequently, this review delves into different problem-solving strategies. A logical first step is prevention of mould growth and mycotoxin production in the field, during harvest and during ensiling. If prevention should fail, several remediation strategies are available. These are listed, mainly focusing on the possibilities of microbial degradation of mycotoxins in vivo in silage. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry.

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Metabolism of aflatoxin, ochratoxin, zearalenone, and three trichothecenes by intact rumen fluid, rumen protozoa, and rumen bacteria

Cited by 281 publications

References 11 publications

Growth, haematology, blood constituents and immunological status of lambs fed graded levels of animal feed grade damaged wheat as substitute of maize

Growth, haematology, blood constituents and immunological status of lambs fed graded levels of animal feed grade damaged wheat as substitute of maize

Plasma and Urinary Levels of Zearalenone and α‐Zearalenol in a Prepubertal Gilt Fed Zearalenone

Occurrence, prevention and remediation of toxigenic fungi and mycotoxins in silage: a review

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