Metabolism of chlorpyrifos in relation to its effect on the availability of some plant nutrients in soil

Biobed system is a simple method to minimize point source contamination during manipulation of pesticides and is based on the adsorption and degradation potential of a biomix composed by top soil, peat, and straw and covered with a grass layer. In our study, the biomix was prepared with Andisol, peat and straw in a volumetric proportion of 1:1:2, and adsorption and degradation studies were done. Degradation of chlorpyrifos (160 mg a.i. kg -1 ) and formation of TCP (3, 5, 6-trichloro-2-pyrinidol) at different pre-incubation times (0, 15 and 30 days) and with different moisture contents (40, 60 and 80 % of water holding capacity) were evaluated, ligninolytic enzyme activity and microbial respiration in the biomix were periodically analyzed. Adsorption isotherms were fitted using Freundlich and linear models for Andisol and the biomix. The adsorption assays demonstrated that biomix has a higher capacity to retain chlorpyrifos than top soil. The pre-incubation period, WHC and the concentration of the chlorpyrifos of the biomix influenced the degradation of the contaminant and TCP formation as well as the biological activities in the biomix. The TCP was formed during the first steps of chlorpyrifos degradation and was later degraded in the biomix under all studied conditions. In conclusion, biomix with Andisol, peat and straw (1:1:2), pre-incubated by 15 days and incubated with 60% of WHC is capable to degrade chlorpyrifos efficiently.

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“…Similar results were reported by Sandar and Kole (2005), they found that in the samples with 1, 10 and 100 times the field dose,…”

Section: Chlorpyrifos Degradation At Different Water Holding Capacitysupporting

confidence: 80%

Chlorpyrifos degradation in a Biomix: Effect of pre-incubation and water holding capacity

Fernández-Alberti

Rubilar

Díez

2012

J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr.

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“…In this study, the degradation of chlorpyrifos shows the first-order kinetic characteristics with the determination coefficient of more than 0.9, which is in agreement with the dissipation of chlorpyrifos in most soil types (Devashis and Ramen, 2005;. While sometimes the first-order kinetics is not satisfactory for the description of chlorpyrifos in soil, it can be better described by the biexponential model (Fang et al, 2006;Chu et al, 2008).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

“…Soil microorganisms participating in the decomposition and transformations of soil materials are important factors influencing the fertility of soil, thus they play an important role in the sustainable utilization of soil (Sebiomo et al, 2011). Interactions between chlorpyrifos and soil microorganisms, including microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen, microbial populations, microbial functional diversity, microbial respiration, enzymatic activities, and nitrogen cycling, have been widely studied (Sardar and Kole, 2005;Pandey and Singh, 2006;Fang et al, 2009;Xie et al, 2010). In addition, many strains capable of degrading chlorpyrifos have been isolated to amend the chlorpyrifos-polluted environment (Maya et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil bacterial and fungal community successions under the stress of chlorpyrifos application and molecular characterization of chlorpyrifos-degrading isolates using ERIC-PCR

Chen

2014

J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci. B

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Abstract:Chlorpyrifos is a widely used insecticide in recent years, and it will produce adverse effects on soil when applied on crops or mixed with soil. In this study, nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) were combined to explore the bacterial and fungal community successions in soil treated with 5 and 20 mg/kg of chlorpyrifos. Furthermore, isolates capable of efficiently decomposing chlorpyrifos were molecular-typed using enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus-PCR (ERIC-PCR). Under the experimental conditions, degradation of chlorpyrifos in soil was interpreted with the first-order kinetics, and the half-lives of chlorpyrifos at 5 and 20 mg/kg doses were calculated to be 8.25 and 8.29 d, respectively. DGGE fingerprint and principal component analysis (PCA) indicated that the composition of the fungal community was obviously changed with the chlorpyrifos treatment, and that samples of chlorpyrifos treatment were significantly separated from those of the control from the beginning to the end. While for the bacterial community, chlorpyrifos-treated soil samples were apparently different in the first 30 d and recovered to a similar level of the control up until 60 d, and the distance in the PCA between the chlorpyrifos-treated samples and the control was getting shorter through time and was finally clustered into one group. Together, our results demonstrated that the application of chlorpyrifos could affect the fungal community structure in a quick and lasting way, while only affecting the bacterial community in a temporary way. Finally, nine typical ERIC types of chlorpyrifos-degrading isolates were screened.

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“…With the restricted use of most of the organochlorinated (OC) insecticides, including dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (DDT) and hexachlorcyclohexan (HCH), due to their long persistence in the environment organophosphorus (OP) insecticides have accounted for the majority of insecticides consumption (Sardar and Kole, 2005). Although OP insecticides degrade faster than OC insecticides, this class of pesticides has acute neurotoxicity which is due to their ability to suppress acetylcholine esterase (AChE) (Anwar et al, 2009).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chlorpyrifos (C9H11Cl3NO3PS) [CP; O,O-diethyl-O-(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl) phosphorothioate, a phosphorothioate insecticide] is a broad spectrum systemic phosphorothioate ester insecticide that was patented and introduced by Dow Chemical Company in the USA in 1965, particularly for the control of foliar insects on grain, cotton, fruit, paddy fields, pasture and vegetable crops (Sardar and Kole, 2005;Cho et al, 2009;Maya et al, 2011). The half-life of CP in soil is usually between 60 and 120 days, but it can range from 2 weeks to over 1 year, depending on both chemical hydrolysis and microbial activity.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodegradation of Chlorpyrifos (CP) by a Newly Isolated Naxibacter sp. Strain CY6 and Its Ability to Degrade CP in Soil

Kim¹,

Choi²,

Jang³

et al. 2013

The Korean Journal of Microbiology

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A bacterium, isolated from a vegetable field in a plastic film house and named strain CY6 was capable of biodegrading chlorpyrifos (CP). Based on the phenotypic features and the phylogenetic similarity of 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain CY6 was identified as a Naxibacter sp.. CP was utilized as the sole source of carbon and phosphorus by Naxibacter sp. CY6. We examined the role of this Naxibacter sp. in the degradation of other OP insecticides under liquid cultures. Parathion, methyl parathion, diazinon, cadusafos, and ethoprop could also be degraded by Naxibacter sp. CY6 when they are provided as the sole sources of carbon and phosphorus. Additionally, Naxibacter sp. CY6 (10 8 CFU/g) added to soil with CP (100 mg/kg) resulted in a higher degradation rate of approximately 90% than the rate obtained from uninoculated soils. These results highlight the potential of this bacterium to be used in the cleanup of contaminated pesticide soil.

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Metabolism of chlorpyrifos in relation to its effect on the availability of some plant nutrients in soil

Cited by 71 publications

References 15 publications

Chlorpyrifos degradation in a Biomix: Effect of pre-incubation and water holding capacity

Chlorpyrifos degradation in a Biomix: Effect of pre-incubation and water holding capacity

Soil bacterial and fungal community successions under the stress of chlorpyrifos application and molecular characterization of chlorpyrifos-degrading isolates using ERIC-PCR

Biodegradation of Chlorpyrifos (CP) by a Newly Isolated Naxibacter sp. Strain CY6 and Its Ability to Degrade CP in Soil

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