Metabolism of tellurium, antimony and germanium simultaneously administered to rats

Kobayashi, Akihiro; Ogra, Yasumitsu

doi:10.2131/jts.34.295

Cited by 33 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…22,51 The accumulation in RBCs was also observed when Te or arsenic was ingested. As mentioned above, the accumulated species of Te and arsenic were the dimethylated forms.…”

Section: ·2 Metabolism Of Antimony Based On the Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…21 The gel filtration column is able to separate antimony(V) citrate from free Sb(V) ions in urine. 22 Other chromatographic mechanisms, such as multi-mode gel filtration and cation-exchange chromatography, are also effective to separate organic Te metabolites. 23 As mentioned above, the advantage of utilizing a gel filtration column is that the separation conditions are similar to the physiological conditions.…”

Section: ·2 Speciation and Hyphenated Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Accumulated Sb in rat RBCs was specifically bound to hemoglobin-like DMAs and dimethylated Te. 22 To specify the chemical form of Sb bound to hemoglobin, Sb was cleaved off from hemoglobin with hydrogen peroxide, and then the cleaved Sb species was subjected to HPLC-ICP-MS. The cleaved Sb compound showed the same chromatographic behavior as that of antimonate, 22 suggesting that the Sb that specifically bound to hemoglobin was an inorganic form, not a methylated form.…”

Section: ·2 Metabolism Of Antimony Based On the Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Toxicometallomics for Research on the Toxicology of Exotic Metalloids Based on Speciation Studies

Ogra

2009

ANAL. SCI.

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Tellurium and antimony are widely used in industry because of their unique chemical and physical properties. Although these metalloids, which belong to period 5 of the periodic table of elements, are known to be non-essential and harmful, or the so-called "exotic" elements, little is known about their toxic effects and metabolism. The present review describes the role of speciation in considering the metabolism of tellurium and antimony from the viewpoint of toxicometallomics. Inorganic tellurium in the form of tellurite is reduced and simply methylated in the body. Rat red blood cells accumulate tellurium in the form of dimethylated tellurium, and tellurium is excreted into urine as trimethyltelluronium. Although selenium, which belongs to the same group as tellurium, is known to be excreted in the form of selenosugar as the major urinary metabolite, tellurosugar was not detected by an inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer hyphenated with an HPLC. Speciation studies revealed that the major metabolic pathway of antimony is oxidation in human and rat, and methylation also occurs as a minor metabolic pathway in humans.

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“…22,51 The accumulation in RBCs was also observed when Te or arsenic was ingested. As mentioned above, the accumulated species of Te and arsenic were the dimethylated forms.…”

Section: ·2 Metabolism Of Antimony Based On the Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: ·2 Speciation and Hyphenated Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ·2 Metabolism Of Antimony Based On the Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Toxicometallomics for Research on the Toxicology of Exotic Metalloids Based on Speciation Studies

Ogra

2009

ANAL. SCI.

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“…Animal experimental results showed that germanium compounds, both inorganic and organic, are rapidly and almost completely absorbed into the lungs and gastrointestinal tract mucosa [2] [4]. The germanium and plasma proteins can be transported in an unbound state if they are injected into the blood directly, and are excreted by both the kidney and the gastrointestinal tract, where the kidney is the chief excretory organ (80% versus 13%) [5] [6] [7]. Chart 1.…”

Section: Absorption and Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Germanium enters the organism and binds to hemoglobin, thereby ensuring normal cellular aerobic metabolism [46]. In addition, the germanium compounds can capture the hydrogen ions and other harmful ions in the metabolites, and play a role in purifying blood at different degrees [47].…”

Section: Participation In the Metabolism Of Oxygen In Vivomentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Effect of Germanium or Germanium Compounds on Animals—A Review

Ruan¹,

Lyu²,

Wu³

2017

JBM

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An increasing number of researches have been focused on the relationship between trace elements and animal health. Germanium, as a widely used trace element, exists ubiquitously as germanium or germanium compounds in the living environment of human and animals, and plays important roles in animal production or health. With the intensive study of the physiological function of germanium and its compounds, the effects of germanium on animal physiological functions and health have been gradually confirmed. In this review, we discuss the metabolic distribution, physiological characteristics, biological functions, germanium deficiency and germanium toxicity. Furthermore, we focus on the effects of germanium or germanium compounds on the immunity of animals. It is concluded that germanium or germanium compounds not only has positive effect but also has negative effect on animals. This review aims to provide a reference for the future research or application of the germanium or germanium compounds on animals or human beings.

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Phosphorus, Selenium, Tellurium, and Sulfur

Keenan

2023

Patty's Toxicology

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Phosphorus and sulfur are nonmetals. Examples of uses of phosphorus and phosphorus compounds are the manufacture of explosives, matches, rodenticides, and fertilizers. Examples of uses of sulfur and sulfur compounds are agricultural chemicals, petroleum refining, and metal mining. Sulfuric acid is a major product. Selenium and Tellurium are metalloids. Selenium is an essential trace metal and is used as a dietary supplement for livestock and as a fertilizer additive. Selenium compounds are also used in electric insulation, as a solvent and plasticizer. Tellurium is used as a metallurgical additive and vulcanizing agent in the processing of rubber. Examples of other uses of tellurium compounds are in photoreceptors, thermos‐electronic devices, and solar cells. Exposure to many of these compounds may cause irritation and or corrosion. Other toxic effects and exposure limits are discussed in the text.

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Metabolism of tellurium, antimony and germanium simultaneously administered to rats

Cited by 33 publications

References 24 publications

Toxicometallomics for Research on the Toxicology of Exotic Metalloids Based on Speciation Studies

Toxicometallomics for Research on the Toxicology of Exotic Metalloids Based on Speciation Studies

Advances in Effect of Germanium or Germanium Compounds on Animals—A Review

Phosphorus, Selenium, Tellurium, and Sulfur

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