Metabolite Profiling for Leaf Senescence in Barley Reveals Decreases in Amino Acids and Glycolysis Intermediates

Abstract

Leaf senescence is a long developmental phase important for plant performance and nutrient management. Cell constituents are recycled in old leaves to provide nutrients that are redistributed to the sink organs. Up to now, metabolomic changes during leaf senescence have been mainly studied in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana L.). The metabolite profiling conducted in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) during primary leaf senescence under two nitrate regimes and in flag leaf shows that amino acids, hexose, sucrose and glycolysis intermediates decrease during senescence, while minor carbohydrates accumulate. Tricarboxylic acid (TCA) compounds changed with senescence only in primary leaves. The senescence-related metabolite changes in the flag leaf were globally similar to those observed in primary leaves. The effect of senescence on the metabolite changes of barley leaves was similar to that previously described in Arabidopsis except for sugars and glycolysis compounds. This suggests a different role of sugars in the control of leaf senescence in Arabidopsis and in barley.

Metabolome Profiling of Heat Priming Effects, Senescence, and Acclimation of Bread Wheat Induced by High Temperatures at Different Growth Stages

“…Therefore, the higher accumulation of beta-alanine during GS3 may indicate that nucleotide degradation leading to pyrimidine degradation under heat stress has already occurred. This is consistent with the findings of Avila-Ospina et al [ 16 ], who reported that beta-alanine accumulates in the flag leaves of barley during leaf senescence. Therefore, beta-alanine accumulation can be a biomarker for the degree of senescence.…”

Metabolomics of laminae and midvein during leaf senescence and source–sink metabolite management in Brassica napus L. leaves

“…More recently, Chrobok et al (2016) confirmed that most of the major amino acids decreased with senescence in Arabidopsis, while the BCAAs and AAAs remained quite high in senescing leaves. In barley, Avila-Ospina et al (2017) depicted similar metabolite changes during leaf senescence. The authors showed the decrease of sugar and major amino acid contents with ageing and the accumulation of lipids, CHOs, and minor amino acids (leucine, tyrosine, and tryptophan) in barley.…”

“…As shown in other dicotyledonous plants (Arabidopsis and tobacco), GABA accumulated in the oilseed rape leaves with senescence. GABA can be confirmed as one of the best senescence markers in tobacco, Arabidopsis, and oilseed rape ( Masclaux et al , 2000 ; Diaz et al , 2005 ; Watanabe et al , 2013 ) and thus, regarding a barley study ( Avila-Ospina et al , 2017 ), it could be a dicot-specific senescence marker. Directly synthesized from glutamate, GABA provides succinate, through the GABA shunt, to fulfil the TCA cycle.…”

An Integrated “Multi-Omics” Comparison of Embryo and Endosperm Tissue-Specific Features and Their Impact on Rice Seed Quality

“…All samples were lyophilized and around 20 mg dry weight (DW) of each sample were placed in 2 ml Safelock Eppendorf tubes (Eppendorf AG, Hamburg, Germany). All analysis steps including extraction, derivatization, analysis, and data processing were adapted from the original protocol described by Fiehn et al ( 2008 ) and following the procedure described by Avila-Ospina et al ( 2017 ). The extraction solvent was prepared by mixing water:acetonitrile:isopropanol at the volume ratio 2:3:3 allowing to extract metabolites with a broad range of polarities.…”