Metabolites of Alternaria in grain sorghum. Compounds which could be mistaken for zearalenone and aflatoxin

Abstract

Metabolites, alternariol (AOH) and alternariol monomethyl ether (AME), were isolated from discolored, weathered grain sorghum that had been invaded by Alternaría sp. These compounds were found in 1973 spring-harvested (overwintered) sorghum and in weathered sorghum har-vested in the fall of 1973. Thin-layer chromatograms and fluorescence of AME and zearalenone are similar. Means of avoiding confusion of AME, AOH, and other fluorescent substances in grain sorghum with zearalenone and aflatoxin are discussed.

Fusarium damage assessment in wheat kernels by Vis/NIR hyperspectral imaging

“…As an alternative to measurement of DON, some NIR studies have relied on the positive, though imperfect correlation between the visual appearance of Fusarium damage and DON [12]. Ergosterol and chitin, as primary metabolites of cereal fungi that are produced in the cell membrane and cell wall of molds, can possibly be used as a chemical marker for Fusarium contamination [13,14]. The current study is an extension of this approach, though instead of being based on the NIR spectra of ground or whole grain, it uses spectral imaging, otherwise known as hyperspectral image analysis.…”

Toxigenicity of fungi from grain sorghum

“…The Alternaria toxins have been the ones primarily associated with grain sorghum (4,20,21,22), although aflatoxin has been found associated with sorghum in India (24). This paper reports the fungi isolated from Alabama grain sorghum and the toxigenicity of their extracts to brine shrimp, chicken embryos, and day-old cockerels.…”

Formation of zearalenone on wheat contaminated with Fusarium graminearum under controlled conditions

“…HPLC analysis for ZON and GC analysis for Trichothecene mycotoxins). As indicator of a possible mycotoxin contamination might be ergosterol, which is a specific fungal metabolite [13][14][15]. The analysis could be done on normal-phase HPLC [16], or, as is shown in this work, on reversedphase HPLC.…”