Metabolitos secundarios en Trichoderma spp. y sus aplicaciones biotecnológicas agrícolas

Abstract

Trichoderma es un hongo con múltiples aplicaciones biotecnológicas agrícolas. La más importante es la capacidad de inhibir el crecimiento, la esporulación y la germinación de esporas de hongos patógenos. Una gran variedad de investigaciones se centra en estudiar el potencial biológico y la formulación a base de especies de Trichoderma con actividad inhibitoria sobre microorganismos, lo que genera que estas prácticas sean más eficaces en un amplio rango de condiciones ambientales, de especies de plagas y de sistemas de cultivos. La presente revisión ofrece una visión específica sobre los reportes de los metabolitos secundarios identificados en cepas del hongo de género Trichoderma con aplicación biotecnológica en la generación de productos agrícolas biocontroladores, con un enfoque prometedor para el descubrimiento de nuevos agentes de control basados en alternativas agroecológicas en el manejo integrado de hongos, bacterias, parásitos e insectos.

In Vitro Antagonistic Activity of Trichoderma harzianum against Fusarium sudanense Causing Seedling Blight and Seed Rot on Wheat

“…Consequently, its early detection in grains could avoid disease and loss of wheat crops. It is important to highlight that the environmental conditions for optimal F. sudanense growth obtained herein (high humidity and temperate temperatures) and in another study by the same authors 4 occur in the typical agro-ecological wheat region of Argentina until stem elongation, which is growth stage 30 according to Zadoks et al 39 As T. harzianum also grew under these same conditions, we suggest that both fungi can interact and, consequently, T. harzianum can dominate F. sudanense in field scenarios. These findings are of much importance today because biological control is an environmentally friendly and safer tool to be considered among current integrated disease management strategies applied to wheat crops.…”

“…23 Previous ecophysiological studies in F. sudanense have demonstrated that fungus growth is affected by temperature and water availability in culture media. 4 However, the impact of such factors for F. sudanense in the presence of potential antagonists is currently unknown. Therefore, the impact of the main environmental requirements for fungal growth will provide a better understanding of its behavior in nature when it interacts with other fungi.…”

“…Previous ecophysiological studies in F. sudanense have demonstrated that fungus growth is affected by temperature and water availability in culture media . However, the impact of such factors for F.…”

“…This implies a very broad and interesting field to search for secondary metabolites with various activities applicable as a potential source of bio-input as part of the Integrated Disease Management Strategies in Plant Health. 3,4 This potential provides us with a new tool in the current search for sustainable alternatives for agricultural pest management using new environmentally friendly bioproducts. That is, unlike synthetic chemical fungicides, their use does not represent negative effects, such as water and soil contamination or toxicity on pollinating insects, animals, or humans.…”

“…One of these alternatives is to use fungi and their metabolites in the biological control of plant diseases; some of which produce secondary metabolites used to defend plants that are a very important source of chemical diversity. , There is still much to explore about metabolism, ecology, and the role of bioactive fungi in the expression of diseases in important crops like cereals. This implies a very broad and interesting field to search for secondary metabolites with various activities applicable as a potential source of bio-input as part of the Integrated Disease Management Strategies in Plant Health. , This potential provides us with a new tool in the current search for sustainable alternatives for agricultural pest management using new environmentally friendly bioproducts. That is, unlike synthetic chemical fungicides, their use does not represent negative effects, such as water and soil contamination or toxicity on pollinating insects, animals, or humans.…”