Metacarpal cortical area as an index of bone mass

Ra, Evans; Gd, MdDonnell; Schieb, M. C.

doi:10.1259/0007-1285-51-606-428

Cited by 24 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…No interrelationship was found between MCW and K, which indicated that the MCW at the standard site cannot be predicted from an in vivo measurement of the greatest width of die mandible in this region. The present study used radiographs of the right hand whether this hand was dominant or not, since the metacarpal index of BARNETT & NORDIN (3) and the cortical cross area seem to be independent of side (1,5).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative bone morphometric analysis of mandibles and 2nd metacarpals

Wowern¹,

Stoltze²

1979

European J Oral Sciences

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Wowern, N. v. Sc Stoltze, K.: Comparative bone morphometric analysis of mandibles and 2nd metacarpals. ScandJ. Dent. Res. 1979: 87: 358-364. Abstract -A comparative analysis of bone mass in the mandible and the metaearpal index: (D-d)/DS6 has been carried out on autopsy specimens of mandibles and standard hand radiographs from 40 subjects aged 20-90 years. Microradiograms of standardized lOO-jimthick sections of the undemineralized plastic embedded material from a standard site of the mandible were used for quantitation of 1) percentage of cortical bone mass, 2) mean cortical width (MCW), 3) largest mandibular width (K), and 4) corresponding width between the endosteal surfaces (k). The outer (D) and inner (d) shaft diameter of the second right metaearpal were measured on the hand radiographs. The present study indicates that: 1) K, k and (K-k)/K% are unsuitable for revealing any possible age-related bone loss in the mandible; 2) a positive correlation exists between bone mass and MCW, while 3) MCW and K are unrelated, 4) bone mass and MCW of the mandible are both significantly correlated to the metaearpal index. However, while the levels of bone mass and MCW in the mandihle to some extent can be predicted from that of the metaearpal index, a knowledge of the precise raandibular changes necessitates the study of a mandihuiar biopsy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative bone morphometric analysis of mandibles and 2nd metacarpals

Wowern¹,

Stoltze²

1979

European J Oral Sciences

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“…One of the most common metabolic bone disorders in the elderly affects 30% of postmenopausal women [10] [11].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Panoramic Radiographs to Detect Signs of Osteoporosis in Edentulous

Ramalli¹,

Camargo²,

Monteiro³

et al. 2015

Health

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Objective: The objective is to analyze the importance of panoramic and carpal radiographs for evaluation of edentulous individuals in different ages, demonstrating the contribution of different dental radiographic techniques in detecting patients with signs of osteoporosis. Methods: The study was developed using panoramic and carpal digital radiographs of 30 edentulous women (age ranged 50 -90 years). The panoramic radiographs was performed to measure the thickness of the mental index-MI and gonial index-GI, and evaluation of the morphology of the mandibular cortical shape (Klemetti classification). The carpal radiographs was performed to measure the cortical thickness of the 2nd, 3rd and 4th metacarpals (metacarpal index). Statistics analyzed the relationship of these indices with the patient's age and the contribution of dental radiographs in detecting patients at risk for osteoporosis. Results: The average age of subjects was 68.43 years. In the analysis of cortical thickness of the panoramic radiographs, the mean values of mental index (MI) and gonial index (GI) for the age group 50 to 59 years were considered normal values (≥3.1 mm and ≥1.2 mm , respectively). To analyze the morphology of the cortex, the C3 group corresponded to the majority of cases (43.33%). The higher the age range, more morphological changes were observed (sum of the characteristics of groups C2 and C3). For the hand-wrist radiographs, the highest values of the metacarpal index (BMI) were found in the youngest age group (50 -59 years). Conclusions: There was positive correlation between age and indices of quantitative assessment (IM, IG, BMI) and qualitative (analysis Klemetti) on panoramic and carpal radiographs. Age is a risk factor for the onset of osteoporosis.

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“…Pioneering work by radiologists in the 1960s and 70s, used the PA view of hand x-rays to measure cortical thickness as a new approach to diagnosis osteoporosis; their main limitation at the time was the small scale for measurement which has now been obviated by using computer processing systems. Early on, these physicians demonstrated high inter-observer agreement, a high degree of correlation with cortical bone mass, and ease of use [ 21 – 23 ]. Hand x-rays capture the cylindrical cortices of the metacarpals which can be utilized to evaluate cortical thinning at various angles [ 24 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Opportunistic hand radiographs to screen for low forearm bone mineral density: a prospective and retrospective cohort study

O’Mara,

Kerkhof,

Kenney

et al. 2024

BMC Musculoskelet Disord

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Background Low bone mineral density affects 53% of women over age 65 in the US, yet many are unaware and remain untreated. Underdiagnosis of forearm osteoporosis and related fragility fractures represent missed warning signs of more deadly, future fractures. This study aimed to determine if hand radiographs could serve as early, simple screening tools for predicting low forearm bone mineral density (BMD). Methods We evaluated posterior-anterior (PA) hand radiographs (x-rays) and Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans of 43 participants. The ratio of the intramedullary cavity to total cortical diameter of the second metacarpal (second metacarpal cortical percentage (2MCP)) was used as a potential diagnostic marker. Mixed-effects linear regression was performed to determine correlation of 2MCP with BMD from various anatomic regions. Repeated measures ANOVAs were used to compare BMD across sites. An optimal 2MCP cutoff for predicting forearm osteopenia and osteoporosis was found using Receiver Operating Curves. Results 2MCP is directly correlated with BMD in the forearm. The optimal 2MCP of 48.3% had 80% sensitivity for detecting osteoporosis of the 1/3 distal forearm. An 2MCP cutoff of 50.8% had 84% sensitivity to detect osteoporosis of the most distal forearm. Both 2MCP cutoffs were more sensitive at predicting forearm osteoporosis than femoral neck T-scores. Conclusions These findings support the expansion of osteoporosis screening to include low-cost hand x-rays, aiming to increase diagnosis and treatment of low forearm BMD and fractures. Proposed next steps include confirming the optimal 2MCP cutoff at scale and integrating automatic 2MCP measurements into PAC systems.

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Metacarpal cortical area as an index of bone mass

Cited by 24 publications

References 10 publications

Comparative bone morphometric analysis of mandibles and 2nd metacarpals

Comparative bone morphometric analysis of mandibles and 2nd metacarpals

Use of Panoramic Radiographs to Detect Signs of Osteoporosis in Edentulous

Opportunistic hand radiographs to screen for low forearm bone mineral density: a prospective and retrospective cohort study

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