Metal Complexes as New Pro-Ecological Crosslinking Agents for Chloroprene Rubber Based on Heck Coupling Reaction

Dziemidkiewicz, Anna; Pingot, Martyna; Maciejewska, Magdalena

doi:10.5254/rct.19.81465

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 18 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Despite being used in many applications, the Heck-type reactions have not been applied to the rubber industry so far. Preliminary research conducted in the Institute of Polymer and Dye Technology (Lodz University of Technology, Poland) [19] confirmed that selected Me(acac) in the presence of TEOA are active curing agents for chloroprene rubber, which probably act via Heck-type reaction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Thermal analysis of halogenated rubber cured with a new cross-linking system

Dziemidkiewicz

Maciejewska

Pingot

2019

J Therm Anal Calorim

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The aim of this work was to examine the influence of new curing agents proposed for brominated butyl rubber (BIIR) on the cross-linking process of rubber compounds and the thermal behavior of the vulcanizates. Rubber blends that were filled with carbon black and contained acetylacetonates of different transition metals in the presence of triethanolamine (TEOA) as new cross-linking agents were prepared. The performed studies showed that metal acetylacetonates (Me(acac)) are effective cross-linking agents for BIIR, which was confirmed by high values of the torque increment (∆M) and significant cross-linking degree of the vulcanizates (α (T)). The most active curing agent seems to be iron acetylacetonate (Fe(acac)). Its application results in a shorter optimal vulcanization time, lower onset vulcanization temperature and similar vulcanization enthalpy compared to the BIIR cured with a sulfur curing system. The BIIR vulcanizates cured with Me(acac) reveal good mechanical properties with tensile strengths in the range of 9-14 MPa and better damping properties comparing to the sulfur-cured rubber. The proposed curing agents do not significantly affect the thermal stability of the BIIR vulcanizates.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Thermal analysis of halogenated rubber cured with a new cross-linking system

Dziemidkiewicz

Maciejewska

Pingot

2019

J Therm Anal Calorim

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Apart from ZnO or ETU, other chemicals such as, tribasic lead sulphate; thiophosphoryl disulfides; dimethyl L-cystine; and cetyltrimethylammonium maleate (CTMAM) have also been used as curing agents for CR [18][19][20][21]. Recently, Dziemid-kiewicz et al have used certain metal acetylacetonate as pro-ecological crosslinking agents for CR based on the Heck coupling reaction [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rheometer Evidences for the Co-Curing Effect of a Bismaleimide in Conjunction with the Accelerated Sulfur on Natural Rubber/Chloroprene Rubber Blends

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The rheometer curing curves of neat natural rubber (NR) and neat chloroprene rubber (CR) with maleide F (MF) exhibit considerable crosslinking torque at 180 °C. This indicates that MF can crosslink both these rubbers via Alder-ene reactions. Based on this knowledge, MF has been introduced as a co-crosslinking agent for a 50/50 blend of NR and CR in conjunction with accelerated sulfur. The delta (Δ) torque obtained from the curing curves of a blend with the addition of 1 phr MF was around 62% higher than those without MF. As the content of MF increased to 3 phr, the Δ torque was further raised to 236%. Moreover, the mechanical properties, particularly the tensile strength of the blend with the addition of 1 phr MF in conjunction with the accelerated sulfur, was around 201% higher than the blend without MF. The overall tensile properties of the blends cured with MF were almost retained even after ageing the samples at 70 °C for 72 h. This significant improvement in the curing torque and the tensile properties of the blends indicates that MF can co-crosslink between NR and CR via the Diels–Alder reaction.

show abstract

“…In our previous studies [ 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 ], we reported the activity of metal acetylacetonates with different transition metals in the presence of triethanolamine (TEOA) as curing agents for CR. The crosslinking of CR with the proposed curing systems was proven to proceed in accordance with the mechanism of Heck reaction [ 26 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Manganese and Nickel Acetylacetonates as Curatives for Chloroprene Rubber Based on Heck’s Reaction

Dziemidkiewicz

Maciejewska

2021

Materials

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The commonly used curing system for chloroprene rubber (CR) is a combination of two metal oxides, such as magnesium oxide (MgO) and zinc oxide (ZnO). Application of MgO and ZnO enables to obtain a good balance between processability of rubber compounds and mechanical properties of the vulcanizates. Despite high activity in crosslinking reactions, ZnO is classified as ecotoxic to aquatic organisms, thus environmental legislation requires its quantity in technology to be limited. In our studies more environmentally friendly curing systems were applied, which enabled eliminating ZnO from CR compounds. These curing systems consisted of manganese acetylacetonate (Mn(acac)) or nickel acetylacetonate (Ni(acac)) and triethanolamine (TEOA) used as a base necessary to perform Heck’s reaction. Both metal acetylacetonates exhibited high activity in crosslinking reactions, which was confirmed by a great torque increment during rheometric measurements and high degree of elastomer crosslinking. The type of metal acetylacetonate and the amount of TEOA seemed to have less influence on the efficiency of the curing system than the filler used. Rubber compounds filled with carbon black (CB) were characterized by definitely shorter optimal vulcanization times and higher degree of crosslinking compared to CR composites filled with nanosized SiO2. Moreover, application of the proposed curing systems allowed to obtain CR vulcanizates with mechanical properties comparable with the benchmarks cured with metal oxides.

show abstract

Metal Complexes as New Pro-Ecological Crosslinking Agents for Chloroprene Rubber Based on Heck Coupling Reaction

Cited by 12 publications

References 18 publications

Thermal analysis of halogenated rubber cured with a new cross-linking system

Thermal analysis of halogenated rubber cured with a new cross-linking system

Rheometer Evidences for the Co-Curing Effect of a Bismaleimide in Conjunction with the Accelerated Sulfur on Natural Rubber/Chloroprene Rubber Blends

Manganese and Nickel Acetylacetonates as Curatives for Chloroprene Rubber Based on Heck’s Reaction

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About