Metal-Containing Ionic Liquids: Highly Effective Catalysts for Degradation of Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate)

Yue, Qun Feng; Yang, Hua; Zhang, Mi Lin; Bai, Xue

doi:10.1155/2014/454756

Cited by 41 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Thus various types of catalysts have been explored for this reaction, such as metal acetates, metal chlorides, metal oxides, solid superacids, carbonates, sulfates and titanium phosphates [8,9] . These traditional catalysts are efficient, but some are oxidizing and many are harmful to the environment and difficult to separate from the reaction mixture, which could influence the properties of the product [10] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[18] . Their new study in 2014 [10] was based on novel compounds of metal-dialkylimidazole ionic liquids. The reaction activity was tested with Cu, Al, Sn, Ni, Fe, Pb, Mn and Zn ions, confirming the efficacy of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazole combined with zinc chloride ([Bmim] ZnCl 3 ) showing 97.9% in PET conversion and 83.3% yield of BHET produced.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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PET glycolysis optimization using ionic liquid [Bmin]ZnCl3 as catalyst and kinetic evaluation

et al. 2018

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ObstractIn the present work, the depolymerization of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) was performed by the method of glycolysis with ethylene glycol. The process was carried out using a factorial design in the Box-Behnken optimization model, using a response surface methodology (RSM) in which three factors (time, temperature and mass ratio of ethylene glycol) were studied in three levels of variation (-1, 0, +1) with two replicates of the center point, totalizing 15 experiments for which the yield of bis (2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (BHET) monomers formed in the process was chosen as response. In parallel, the Arrhenius kinetic test was used to determine the apparent activation energy (Ea) for the 1-butyl-3-methylimidazole trichlorozincate ([Bmin]ZnCl 3 ) -catalyst used in the depolymerization process. The products of glycolysis obtained were characterized by spectroscopic techniques (FTIR), ( 1 H and 13 C NMR), thermal analyses (TGA) and (DSC) and Mass Spectrometry LC-MS/MS hybrid Quadrupole-Orbitrap.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PET glycolysis optimization using ionic liquid [Bmin]ZnCl3 as catalyst and kinetic evaluation

et al. 2018

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“…Additionally, the low-molecular-weight small molecules of the IL may get entrapped in between the matrix or chains of the PET, thereby increasing the free volume and spacing, which allows polymeric chains to glide past each other even at lower temperatures leading to breakage 28 . This is also observed for many polymer blends and is explained as beyond a certain percentage value, the random agglomeration of particles weakens the polymer matrix to a point, causing uneven crystallization and leading to their brittle nature which leads to a decrease in the tensile strength and consequently to their hardness value as well 15 . The Young's modulus and the hardness of the PET-IL blends are illustrated in Figures 8 and 9 respectively.…”

Section: Nanoindentation Testmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…The ease of recycling this widely used commodity polymer through ILs has led researchers to study the effect of mixing of recycled PET (R-PET) with other materials to investigate the mechanical and chemical impact on the new mixture. The influence of (R-PET) powder on thermal properties, fatigue life, and surface morphology of halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) and silica filled natural rubber composites have widely been studied 15,16 . Results indicate a decrease in the fatigue life of the natural rubber composites with the substitution of these two fillers by R-PET.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ionic Liquid Potential to Recycle Polymeric Waste: An Experimental Investigation

et al. 2020

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The impact of ionic liquid (IL) solution on the recycling process of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) waste containers used to store drinking water, with a focus on optimizing the added percentage and processing conditions of IL was studied. Characterization using differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and nano-indentation tests were performed. Generally, an increase in the degradation temperatures was observed with increasing IL%. Since they were quite comparable, their good thermal stability could be considered. An increase in the hardness was noticed from 0.41 at 0% to 0.45 at a 2% IL solution. A rise in the modulus of elasticity was also observed from 5.5 GPa at 0% to 8 GPa at 2% IL solution. Although there has been some improvement in the properties of the IL blends, limitations such as IL cost and their effective recycling remains a challenge and needs more efforts to fully explore their potential.

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“…MILs are also promising compounds in the degradation of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) from waste. For instance, [Bmim] [ZnCl 3 ] was reused six times, without losing efficiency in PET conversion, reaching up to 97.9% [ 19 ]. In the last decade, several experimental studies exhibit also the potential of applying MILs in DNA extractions [ 20 ], CO 2 , NH 3 and SO 2 separation [ 8 , 21 , 22 ], energy harvesting [ 23 ] as well as in catalysis applications [ 24 , 25 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unravelling the Interactions of Magnetic Ionic Liquids by Energy Decomposition Schemes: Towards a Transferable Polarizable Force Field

2021

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This work aims at unravelling the interactions in magnetic ionic liquids (MILs) by applying Symmetry-Adapted Perturbation Theory (SAPT) calculations, as well as based on those to set-up a polarisable force field model for these liquids. The targeted MILs comprise two different cations, namely: 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium ([Bmim]+) and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ([Emim]+), along with several metal halides anions such as [FeCl4]−, [FeBr4]−, [ZnCl3]− and [SnCl4]2− To begin with, DFT geometry optimisations of such MILs were performed, which in turn revealed that the metallic anions prefer to stay close to the region of the carbon atom between the nitrogen atoms in the imidazolium fragment. Then, a SAPT study was carried out to find the optimal separation of the monomers and the different contributions for their interaction energy. It was found that the main contribution to the interaction energy is the electrostatic interaction component, followed by the dispersion one in most of the cases. The SAPT results were compared with those obtained by employing the local energy decomposition scheme based on the DLPNO-CCSD(T) method, the latter showing slightly lower values for the interaction energy as well as an increase of the distance between the minima centres of mass. Finally, the calculated SAPT interaction energies were found to correlate well with the melting points experimentally measured for these MILs.

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Metal-Containing Ionic Liquids: Highly Effective Catalysts for Degradation of Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate)

Cited by 41 publications

References 28 publications

PET glycolysis optimization using ionic liquid [Bmin]ZnCl3 as catalyst and kinetic evaluation

PET glycolysis optimization using ionic liquid [Bmin]ZnCl3 as catalyst and kinetic evaluation

Ionic Liquid Potential to Recycle Polymeric Waste: An Experimental Investigation

Unravelling the Interactions of Magnetic Ionic Liquids by Energy Decomposition Schemes: Towards a Transferable Polarizable Force Field

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