“…Besides the emerging applications in PEFCs (involving HOR, ORR, alcohol oxidation reactions) and WECs (comprising OER, HER, overall water splitting) as featured in this review article, the surface overcoating strategy also shows increasing potential for fabricating advanced nanomaterials, which are already applied in thermal-catalytic reactions, 188,[424][425][426][427][428] redox flow batteries, 429,430 metal-air batteries, 431,432 solid oxide fuel cells, [433][434][435] lithium-ion batteries or capacitors, 69,436,437 ammonia electrosynthesis, 438,439 CO 2 electrocatalytic reduction, [440][441][442] and biotechnology. 443,444 One could obtain highly dispersed fine metal nanoparticles with the aid of organic or inorganic overlayers after annealing treatment. As appealing in the thermal catalysis field, the carbon nanoshell derived from organic capping agents or polymers has been employed as a sacrificial protector to inhibit metal particles from migration/coalescence and sintering.…”