Metastable Phase Equilibrium of the Quaternary System Na+, Rb+, Mg2+//Cl–-H2O at 298.2 K

Solid–Liquid Equilibria (SLE) of the Quinary Reciprocal Aqueous System Li+, K+, Rb+//Cl–, Borate-H2O at 323.2 K

“…Accordingly, a series of phase equilibria studies have been done aimed at different types of brine. − As for the main components of the Pingluo brine, they can be simplified as the Li + , Na + , K + , Rb + , Mg 2+ //Cl – , Borate-H 2 O system. Therefore, to understand the thermodynamic behaviors of the complex system, phase diagrams of some subsystems have been measured. − For the borate-containing system, the crystalline form of boron appears in many polymeric forms such as BO 2 – , B­(OH) 4 – , B­(OH) 3 , B 4 O 7 2– , and B 5 O 8 – when the coexisting ions and temperature change. , As for the quinary system Li + , K + , Rb + //Cl – , Borate-H 2 O at 323.2 K, the corresponding nine ternary subsystems and five quaternary subsystems at 323.2 K have been studied. − The research results show that two boron species, B 4 O 7 2– and B 5 O 8 – , were found in the borate system containing potassium/lithium and rubidium; the solid solution [(K, Rb)­Cl] was formed in the chloride type system containing potassium and rubidium; and the rubidium carnallite RbCl·MgCl 2 ·6H 2 O was found in the chloride type system containing magnesium and rubidium. Commonly, the coexisting ions in the solution have a direct effect on the crystallization form of salts.…”

Stable Phase Diagram of the Quaternary Water–Salt System Li+, Na+, Rb+//SO42–·H2O at 298.2 and 323.2 K (P = 94.5 kPa)

“…The research results can be used to explore the chemical production process and guide the formulation of the comprehensive utilization process of salt lake brine resources . Up to now, a lot of work have been carried out on phase equilibrium for different types of salt lakes, for example, K + , Rb + // Cl – – H 2 O at 298.15 K; Na + , Mg 2+ , NH 4 + // Cl – – H 2 O at 348.15 K; Na + , Rb + // Cl – – H 2 O at 288.15, 298.2, and 308.15 K; Na + , Rb + , Mg 2+ //Cl – – H 2 O at 298.2 K; Li + , Rb + , Mg 2+ //borate – H 2 O at T = 323 K; Rb + (Mg 2+ )//Cl – , and borate – H 2 O at 323 K; and Li + , K + , Rb + , Mg 2+ // borate – H 2 O, K + , Rb + , Cs + //SO 4 2– – H 2 O at 298.2 K have been used to comprehensively utilize the salt lake. According to the reported sulfate-containing literature, for the quaternary systems Li + , Na + , Cs + //SO 4 2– – H 2 O at 298.2 K; Li + , Na + , Mg 2+ // SO 4 2– – H 2 O at 323 K, and Li + , Cs + , Mg 2+ // SO 4 2– – H 2 O at 298.2 K, it was found that lithium sulfate is difficult to be extracted directly from brine in its single salt form by isothermal crystallization.…”

Solid–Aqueous Phase Equilibria in the Quaternary NaCl + KCl + RbCl + H2O System: Thermodynamic Predictions and Experimental Verifications at 298.15 K

“…Therefore, solid−liquid equilibrium information in the multicomponent system NaCl + KCl + RbCl + MgCl 2 + H 2 O is essential for the development of processes that enrich Rb from natural chloride brines and salt evaporates. Recently, the phase equilibria in extensive alkali metal chloride aqueous systems, e.g., NaCl + RbCl + H 2 O, 6 RbCl + CsCl + H 2 O, 7 RbCl + MgCl 2 + H 2 O, 8 NaCl + RbCl + MgCl 2 + H 2 O, 9 and KCl + RbCl + MgCl 2 + H 2 O, 10 have been studied from both experimentally and theoretically aspects. Up to date, however, complete thermodynamic model for the quinary system NaCl + KCl + RbCl + MgCl 2 + H 2 O with solid solutions as equilibrium phases has never been well established.…”