Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in swine housed indoors in Galicia, Spain

Moreno-Flores, Antonio; Potel, Carmen; Francisco-Tomé, Mónica; Constenla-Caramés, Lucía; Pérez-Roth, Eduardo; López-Cotón, Carolina; Vila, Estefanía Comesaña-Da; Puente, Lourdes Eiroa-de la; Álvarez-Fernández, Maximiliano

doi:10.1016/j.eimc.2019.03.009

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…This spa type has also been reported from pigs in other countries. A recent study from Spain looking at indoor-housed pigs found over 80% of strains belonging to this type (27), while a study looking at isolates in Cameroon and South Africa found only this type (28). In Spain, an MRSA ST398-t011 isolate was even found in a wild boar (29).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains in Swiss Pigs and Their Relation to Isolates from Farmers and Veterinarians

Kittl

Brodard

Heim

et al. 2020

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has emerged over the last few decades as a One Health problem with an increasing prevalence in various animal species. The most notable animals are pigs, as asymptomatic carriers, and horses, where there is often an association with infections. The current study looked at the course of MRSA prevalence in Swiss livestock since 2009, with a special focus on pigs, followed by screening of veterinarians and farmers. Livestock isolates were obtained from the Swiss monitoring program and then characterized by spa typing. Concentrating on the year 2017, we analyzed the prevalence of MRSA in Swiss veterinarians and farmers, followed by whole-genome sequencing of selected human and animal strains. The phylogeny was assessed by applying core-genome multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analyses, followed by screening for resistance genes and virulence factors. The prevalence of MRSA in Swiss pigs showed a dramatic increase from 2% in 2009 to 44% in 2017. Isolates typically belonged to clonal complex 398 (CC398), split between spa t011 and t034. The higher prevalence was mainly due to an increase in t011. spa t034 strains from farmers were found to be closely associated with porcine t034 strains. The same could be shown for spa t011 strains from horses and veterinarians. spa t034 strains had a high number of additional resistance genes, and two strains had acquired the immune evasion cluster. However, all but one of the pig spa t011 strains clustered in a separate group. Thus, the increase in pig spa t011 strains does not directly translate to humans. IMPORTANCE MRSA is an important human pathogen; thus, its increasing prevalence in livestock over the last decade has a potentially large impact on public health. Farmers and veterinarians are especially at risk due to their close contact with animals. Our work demonstrates a dramatic increase in MRSA prevalence in Swiss pigs, from 2% in 2009 to 44% in 2017. Whole-genome sequencing allowed us to show a close association between farmer and pig strains as well as veterinarian and horse strains, indicating that the respective animals are a likely source of human colonization. Furthermore, we could demonstrate that pig spa t011 strains cluster separately and are probably less likely to colonize humans than are pig spa t034 strains. This research may provide a basis for a more substantiated risk assessment and preventive measures.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains in Swiss Pigs and Their Relation to Isolates from Farmers and Veterinarians

Kittl

Brodard

Heim

et al. 2020

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…Livestock-associated-methicillin-resistant S. aureus can also be transmitted from sows to piglets [ 100 , 104 – 106 ]. An experimental study demonstrated the transmission of LA-MRSA from sows to all newborn piglets [ 107 ]. Moreover, other studies also reported that piglets from LA-MRSA-positive sows tended to become LA-MRSA-positive [ 105 , 106 ].…”

Section: Pig–pig Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, antibiotic treatment had no significant effect on the LA-MRSA-positive pigs [ 58 , 77 ]. The effect of antibiotic use is supported by many studies on LA-MRSA intervention [ 154 , 155 ] and transmission [ 37 , 107 ].…”

Section: Risk Factors La-mrsa In Pigsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A review of new emerging livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from pig farms

et al. 2023

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Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a S. aureus strain resistant to β-lactam antibiotics and is often associated with livestock, known as livestock-associated (LA)-MRSA. Using molecular typing with multi-locus sequence typing, MRSA clones have been classified in pigs, including clonal complex 398. Livestock-associated-methicillin-resistant S. aureus was first discovered in pigs in the Netherlands in 2005. Since then, it has been widely detected in pigs in other countries. Livestock-associated-methicillin-resistant S. aureus can be transmitted from pigs to pigs, pigs to humans (zoonosis), and humans to humans. This transmission is enabled by several risk factors involved in the pig trade, including the use of antibiotics and zinc, the size and type of the herd, and the pig pen management system. Although LA-MRSA has little impact on the pigs' health, it can be transmitted from pig to pig or from pig to human. This is a serious concern as people in direct contact with pigs are highly predisposed to acquiring LA-MRSA infection. The measures to control LA-MRSA spread in pig farms include conducting periodic LA-MRSA screening tests on pigs and avoiding certain antibiotics in pigs. This study aimed to review the emerging LA-MRSA strains in pig farms.

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“…Both CoPS and CoNS are common inhabitants of skin and mucous membranes of domestic and wild animals, as well as humans, and can be considered typical zoonotic bacteria [ 1 , 2 , 12 ]. In addition, among domestic animals, swine and poultry are frequently carriers and reservoirs of staphylococci [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ] and, potentially, the source of human infections [ 17 , 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Resistant Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci Carried by House Flies (Musca domestica) Captured in Swine and Poultry Farms

et al. 2023

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House flies (Musca domestica) are very diffuse insects attracted by biological materials. They are abundantly present in farm environments and can frequently come in contact with animals, feed, manure, waste, surfaces, and fomites; consequently, these insects could be contaminated, carry, and disperse several microorganisms. The aim of this work was to evaluate the presence of antimicrobial-resistant staphylococci in house flies collected in poultry and swine farms. Thirty-five traps were placed in twenty-two farms; from each trap, 3 different kinds of samples were tested: attractant material present in the traps, the body surface of house flies and the body content of house flies. Staphylococci were detected in 72.72% of farms, 65.71% of traps and 43.81% of samples. Only coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) were isolated, and 49 isolates were subjected to an antimicrobial susceptibility test. Most of the isolates were resistant to amikacin (65.31%), ampicillin (46.94%), rifampicin (44.90%), tetracycline (40.82%) and cefoxitin (40.82%). Minimum Inhibitory concentration assay allowed to confirm 11/49 (22.45%) staphylococci as methicillin-resistant; 4 of them (36.36%) carried the mecA gene. Furthermore, 53.06% of the isolates were classified as multidrug-resistant (MDR). Higher levels of resistance and multidrug resistance were detected in CoNS isolated from flies collected in poultry farms than in swine farms. Therefore, house flies could carry MDR and methicillin-resistant staphylococci, representing a possible source of infection for animals and humans.

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Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in swine housed indoors in Galicia, Spain

Cited by 9 publications

References 27 publications

Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains in Swiss Pigs and Their Relation to Isolates from Farmers and Veterinarians

Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains in Swiss Pigs and Their Relation to Isolates from Farmers and Veterinarians

A review of new emerging livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from pig farms

Antimicrobial Resistant Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci Carried by House Flies (Musca domestica) Captured in Swine and Poultry Farms

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