Method development for determination of imatinib and its major metabolite, N‐desmethyl imatinib, in biological and environmental samples by SA–SHS–LPME and HPLC

Abstract

A salting-out-assisted switchable hydrophilicity solvent-based liquid phase microextraction (SA-SHS-LPME) was developed for the separation and determination of trace amounts of imatinib and N-desmethyl imatinib in biological and environmental samples by HPLC-UV. Triethylamine as a hydrophobic compound and protonated triethylamine carbonate as a hydrophilic one were switched by the addition or elimination of CO 2 . The use of NaOH resulted in the elimination of CO 2 from the sample solution, which led to the conversion of P-TEA-C into triethylamine (TEA) and as a result, the analytes was extracted and entered the TEA phase. The salting out was performed to speed up the formation of the TEA in the shape of fine droplets in the specimen solution. Furthermore, the impact of several momentous factors that influence the recovery of the extraction was investigated. Under the optimum conditions, the limit of detection and limit of quantification were obtained in ranges of 0.03-0.05 and 0.1-0.15 μg L −1 for imatinib and 0.04-0.06 and 0.13-0.20 μg L −1 for N-desmethyl imatinib, respectively. The preconcentration factor was 250. Inter-and intraday precision (RSD, n = 5) was <5%. In the case of imatinib and N-desmethyl imatinib in biological and environmental specimens, a range of 97.0-102% was obtained as the recovery.

Development of effervescence‐assisted switchable polarity solvent homogeneous liquid‐phase microextraction for the determination of permethrin and deltamethrin in water samples prior to gas chromatography–flame ionization detection

“…Because of their possible dangers to the health and environment, the detection and quantification of trace levels of these agents in environmental matrices, water, and food have been developed based on analytical methods (Khan et al, 2007). Before analysis with analytical techniques, a sample pre‐concentration is required because of the low concentration of the analytes in real specimens and the intricacy of some matrices (Rahimi Kakavandi et al, 2021). Different pre‐concentration methods, such as solid‐phase microextraction (Cavaliere et al, 2012), single‐drop microextraction (Tsiropoulos & Amvrazi, 2011), dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (Zacharis et al, 2012), homogeneous liquid–liquid microextraction (Yazdanfar et al, 2014), vortex‐assisted liquid–liquid microextraction (Jia et al, 2010), have been utilized for the preparation of water samples containing pesticides.…”

Deep eutectic solvent as the acceptor phase in three‐phase hollow fiber liquid‐phase microextraction for the determination of pyrethroid insecticides from environmental water samples prior to HPLC

“…Owing to the increased use of these compounds, their residual toxicity is distributed in aqueous systems through run‐off from soil into ground and surface water. The presence of these residues in irrigation systems, agricultural products and groundwater has provoked deep concern for both human health and water systems (Li et al, 2017; Lozowicka, 2015; Rahimi Kakavandi et al, 2021). Therefore, a suitable technique to identify trace levels of these residues is required.…”

“…concern for both human health and water systems (Li et al, 2017;Lozowicka, 2015;Rahimi Kakavandi et al, 2021). Therefore, a suitable technique to identify trace levels of these residues is required.…”

Separation and quantification of diazinon in water samples using liquid‐phase microextraction‐based effervescent tablet‐assisted switchable solvent method coupled to gas chromatography‐flame ionization detection

“…techniques such as immunoassay, MS, HPLC, and GC have been used for monitoring diazinon (Abu-Qare & Abou-Donia, 2001;Brun et al, 2004;Everett & Rechnitz, 1998;Hernandez et al, 2002;Vinas et al, 2002;Zulin et al, 2002). Before analysis using analytical techniques, an acceptable, reliable, sensitive, rapid, cost-effective, and eco-efficient method of sample preparation is needed for diazinon analysis in samples (Lamei et al, 2018;Rahimi Kakavandi et al, 2021).…”