Method for assessing the contribution of environmental tobacco smoke to respirable suspended particles in indoor environments

Conner, J. M.; Oldaker, Guy B.; Murphy, James J.

doi:10.1080/09593339009384855

Cited by 42 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…20,21,26 Briefly, RSP was determined by weighing the filters in triplicate on an electrobalance (Sartorius Model 2405) after overnight incubation at 50% humidity. The filters were then placed under an ionizing unit (Staticmaster, NRD, Inc.) for 5-10 min to eliminate static electricity effects.…”

Section: Analysis Of Particulate-phase Constituentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This decline in response for both types of combustion aerosols is suggestive of some degree of saturation in the PAS 2000's response. FPM typically has been used as an indicator of combustion-derived PM in ETS exposure studies 20,21,28 and is considered to be related to the relative quantity of aromatic hydrocarbons present in the PM of indoor air particulates. Its relative quantity in ETS does vary among cigarette brands.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Development and Application of Protocols for the Determination of Response of Real-Time Particle Monitors to Common Indoor Aerosols

Jenkins

Ilgner

Tomkins

et al. 2004

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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Protocols have been developed and applied for the generation of aerosols that are likely to be comparable to those encountered in field settings for the calibration of easily transportable/portable real-time particle monitors. Aerosols generated were simulated environmental tobacco smoke, cedar wood smoke, cooking oil fumes, and propane stove particles. The time-integrated responses of three nephelometers and a monitor for particle-bound polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) were compared with gravimetric respirable suspended particulate matter (RSP) in a controlled-atmosphere chamber. In general, the monitor responses increased linearly with increasing mass concentration. However, the two monitors that reported mass per volume concentrations tended to overreport the actual RSP concentrations by factors up to 4.4. The real-time PAH monitor did not respond to cooking oil fumes, indicative of little PAH being present in the aerosol. One of the monitors that has been used in a variety of studies reported in the literature (DustTrak) was collocated with gravimetric RSP samplers in several hospitality venues in the Louisville, KY, area. Field studies indicated that the units overreported actual RSP concentrations by factors of 2.6 -3

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Section: Analysis Of Particulate-phase Constituentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Application of Protocols for the Determination of Response of Real-Time Particle Monitors to Common Indoor Aerosols

Jenkins

Ilgner

Tomkins

et al. 2004

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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“…Two of them, ultraviolet particulate matter (UVPM) and fluorescing particulate matter (FPM), reflect the airborne levels of combustion aerosols . These markers can be determined simultaneously Conner et al, 1990) and have been used extensively in similar studies to provide a more selective assessment of ETS contribution to RSP . The third marker, solanesol particulate matter (Sol-PM), has become increasingly used in recent studies.…”

Section: Area Sampling and Chemical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The extract was injected into an HPLC equipped with a UV detector and a fluorescence detector in series, and connected directly to an autosampler by short tubing. The readings were expressed as equivalent concentrations of surrogate standards (2,2 0 ,4,4 0 -tetrahydroxybenzophenone for UV and scopoletin for fluorescence), and converted to UVPM and FPM concentrations using conversion factors (Conner et al, 1990;Nelson et al,1997Nelson et al, , 1998ASTM, D 5955-96, 1996). The air concentration of solanesol was determined by HPLC analysis of the same extract .…”

Section: Analytical Determinationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An international survey of indoor air quality, ventilation, and smoking activity in restaurants: a pilot study

Bohanon

Piadé

Schorp

et al. 2003

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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During a pilot study of indoor air quality in restaurants, a survey was performed in 34 medium-priced restaurants in six countries in Asia, Europe, and North America using a uniform protocol. The concentration of selected constituents of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) present in occupied areas was determined during lunch and dinner periods by measuring the levels of four particulate-phase markers and two gas-phase markers. The particulatephase markers determined were respirable suspended particles, ultraviolet particulate matter, fluorescing particulate matter, and solanesol particulate matter. The gas-phase markers were nicotine and 3-ethenylpyridine (3-EP). Correlation between the markers was investigated to explore an improved monitoring approach. It was concluded that at least one marker in each phase was necessary to describe adequately the ETS load. An assessment was made of the ventilation system in each restaurant, and effective ventilation rates were determined based on CO 2 measurements. Smoking activity was also monitored. These data were used to model nicotine and 3-EP concentrations that resulted in a satisfactory prediction of their levels, especially at the higher concentrations. A total number of 1370 questionnaires were returned by the restaurant patrons in five countries. In some countries, dissatisfaction rates above 20% were observed for draft, freshness of air, and noise. The dissatisfaction rates related to tobacco smoke were less than 20%, which is lower than would be predicted based on measured ETS levels. Based on the results of this international pilot study, recommendations are given for future studies of this type.

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“…These have been determined by a number of authors [7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. Ogden et al [8] were among the first to determine such ETS-RSP factors using the controlled chamber method [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ETS-RSP Particulate Marker Factors: Variation in Published Factors and Application to ETS Data from Two Types of Indoor Environments

Carrington

Gee

Watson

et al. 2001

Indoor Built Environ

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Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) is an indoor air pollutant that causes adverse health effects for exposed non-smokers. To measure the ETS concentration particulate tobacco smoke components are identified and are referred to as ETS markers named ultraviolet particulate matter (UVPM), fluorescent particulate matter and solanesol particulate matter. To determine the contribution of ETS to indoor air pollution empirically derived ETS marker factors are applied. The factors represent a ratio of ETS marker to total respirable suspended particles (RSP) collected under controlled experimental conditions. The published ETS marker factors for UK cigarettes varied and when applied to smoking and non-smoking household and public house data produced significantly different data sets (p < 0.05). Non-tobacco sources for UVPM compounds contributed to and overestimated the ETS-UVPM concentration with respect to RSP. This occurred when the published UVPM factors were applied and the predominant source of UVPM was not tobacco. The ETS factors produced acceptable results with respect to total RSP collected when tobacco was the predominant source of RSP, as seen by data collected in public houses.

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Method for assessing the contribution of environmental tobacco smoke to respirable suspended particles in indoor environments

Cited by 42 publications

References 2 publications

Development and Application of Protocols for the Determination of Response of Real-Time Particle Monitors to Common Indoor Aerosols

Development and Application of Protocols for the Determination of Response of Real-Time Particle Monitors to Common Indoor Aerosols

An international survey of indoor air quality, ventilation, and smoking activity in restaurants: a pilot study

ETS-RSP Particulate Marker Factors: Variation in Published Factors and Application to ETS Data from Two Types of Indoor Environments

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