Method for facile and accurate measurement of optical fiber dispersion maps

Mollenauer, L. F.; Mamyshev, P. V.; Neubelt, M. J.

doi:10.1364/ol.21.001724

Cited by 91 publications

(31 citation statements)

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“…In the presence of a periodic dispersion map, however, the (DM) soliton acquires an important characteristic, quadratic phase (chirp). In contrast to conventional soliton solutions, DM solitons can exist for zero (or even negative) values of average dispersion.Approximate scale characteristics of the dispersion noise present in real fibers can be extracted from experimental results (13,14). These results show that the smallest scale of noticeable change in the dispersion value is approximately Ϸ1-2 km.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…This multiplicative noise is conservative, and the wave energy remains constant during propagation through the medium. Recently, high-precision measurements of fiber chromatic dispersion as a function of a fiber length experimentally demonstrated the significance of the dispersion randomness (13,14).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Approximate scale characteristics of the dispersion noise present in real fibers can be extracted from experimental results (13,14). These results show that the smallest scale of noticeable change in the dispersion value is approximately Ϸ1-2 km.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Existing technology does not yet provide accurate control of the waveguide geometry of modern fibers, where dependence of dispersion on wavelength is complex. As a result, the magnitudes of random variations of fiber chromatic dispersion are typically the same as, or in some cases even greater than, that of the mean dispersion (13,14).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…We perform numerical investigations of both models A and B with ϭ u and ϭ n in intermediate the case, z NL ϳ z . The initial (z ϭ 0) pulse is the exact soliton for model A, and it is a Gaussian pulse close to the respective DM soliton for model B. Fourier split-step scheme with 2 13 temporal Fourier modes and § To create a simulation of a long-haul experiment, a number of fiber spans were put together in (14). Each of the spans was constituted by the combination of different fibers to design a specific dispersion profile.…”

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Pulse confinement in optical fibers with random dispersion

Chertkov

Gabitov

Moeser

2001

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Short-range correlated uniform noise in the dispersion coefficient, inherent in many types of optical fibers, broadens and eventually destroys all initially ultra-short pulses. However, under the constraint that the integral of the random component of the dispersion coefficient is set to zero (pinned), periodically or quasiperiodically along the fiber, the dynamics of the pulse propagation changes dramatically. For the case that randomness is present in addition to constant positive dispersion, the pinning restriction significantly reduces average pulse broadening. If the randomness is present in addition to piece-wise constant periodic dispersion with positive residual value, the pinning may even provide probability distributions of pulse parameters that are numerically indistinguishable from the statistically steady case. The pinning method can be used to both manufacture better fibers and upgrade existing fiber links. The effect of random perturbations in optical fibers increasingly attracts attention as the demand for the quality of transmission grows daily (1, 2). The impact of randomness on signal transmission in a single-mode fiber is negative; it causes degradation of the signal and lowers transmission capabilities. In particular, amplifier noise (3-6) and random fiber birefringence (7-11) lead to random shifts in the pulse position (timing jitter) and to pulse broadening, respectively. Both effects eventually cause a destruction of bit patterns and lead to an increase of the bit-error-rate (BER), the most important parameter describing performance in fiber communications systems (12).In the present paper, we consider the effect of random dispersion, which is, for ultrashort pulses, one of the major causes of bit-pattern destruction. However, we propose a way to significantly reduce the pulse deterioration and eventually reduce the BER caused by the noise in dispersion by using passive (independent of pulse properties) periodic control of the accumulated dispersion of the fiber link. The method may even provide statistically steady propagation of the pulse along the fiber and gives insight into general understanding of control mechanisms for nonlinear systems with randomness.Chromatic dispersion is an important characteristic of a medium and can significantly degrade the integrity of wave packets. In practice, chromatic dispersion is not uniformly distributed and often exhibits random variations in space and time. On the other hand, wave propagation through the medium is usually much faster than temporal variations of the chromatic dispersion. Therefore, these random variations can be treated as ''spatial'' multiplicative noise that does not change in time. This multiplicative noise is conservative, and the wave energy remains constant during propagation through the medium. Recently, high-precision measurements of fiber chromatic dispersion as a function of a fiber length experimentally demonstrated the significance of the dispersion randomness (13,14).The overall chromatic dispersion in an optical fiber...

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Pulse confinement in optical fibers with random dispersion

Chertkov

Gabitov

Moeser

2001

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Influence of dispersion fluctuations on four‐wave mixing efficiency in optical fibers

Tsuji¹,

Yokota²,

Saruwatari³

2002

Electron Comm Jpn Pt II

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SUMMARYThe four-wave mixing (FWM) used in optical fibers is expected to be a simple wavelength conversion technique for ultrafast optical signals. Highly efficient generation of stable FWM light is desired. FWM efficiency depends on the zero-dispersion wavelength of the fiber, the wavelength of the pump light, and the wavelength of the signal light, and reaches its maximum efficiency when the pump wavelength and zero-dispersion wavelength match in degenerate FWM. However, the zero-dispersion wavelength fluctuates in the longitudinal direction in actual optical fibers, and these changes affect the FWM generation characteristics.In this paper, we analyze FWM generation that accounts for the zero-dispersion wavelength fluctuations in the longitudinal direction of the optical fibers and explain the theory of the dependence of the FWM efficiency on the pump wavelength. In addition, by conducting FWM generation experiments, we demonstrate the differences in the characteristics of the optical fibers and clearly show the relationship between the FWM generation characteristics and zero-dispersion wavelength distribution.

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Parametric amplification and processing in optical fibers

Radic

2008

Laser & Photonics Reviews

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We review recent progress made in parametric amplification and signal processing using high confinement fibers. In contrast to crystalline and semiconductor devices, fiber parametric amplifiers offer interaction lengths that can vary from 10 m to 1 km and are not limited by waveguide losses. The operation, design and impairment physics of general fiber parametric devices are reviewed. The technology prospects for advanced signal processing are discussed.Two-pump parametric interaction combines at least two nondegenerate and one degenerate four-photon mixing process: phase conjugation (blue), Bragg scattering (green) and MI (red).

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Method for facile and accurate measurement of optical fiber dispersion maps

Cited by 91 publications

References 3 publications

Pulse confinement in optical fibers with random dispersion

Pulse confinement in optical fibers with random dispersion

Influence of dispersion fluctuations on four‐wave mixing efficiency in optical fibers

Parametric amplification and processing in optical fibers

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