Methods for Monitoring and Measuring Cleanliness of Surfaces

Kohli, Rajiv

doi:10.1016/b978-1-4377-7883-0.00003-1

Cited by 26 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 111 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In this case, water-dispersion without DBD plasma treatment (0.7%) presented more silver on the PA66 surface than DBD (0.3%). It is important to highlight that the relative composition of silver, considering the XPS results, indicates the surface content (sampling depth is commonly less than 10 nm) [48]. Comparing the XPS and reflectance analysis of this sample, it indicates a superior PVP-AgNPs concentration inside the fiber in DBD plasma-treated sample but an inferior concentration onto its surface.…”

Section: Xpsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Effect of Dispersion Solvent on the Deposition of PVP-Silver Nanoparticles onto DBD Plasma-Treated Polyamide 6,6 Fabric and Its Antimicrobial Efficiency

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Polyvinylpyrrolidone-coated silver nanoparticles (PVP-AgNPs) dispersed in ethanol, water and water/alginate were used to functionalize untreated and dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma-treated polyamide 6,6 fabric (PA66). The PVP-AgNPs dispersions were deposited onto PA66 by spray and exhaustion methods. The exhaustion method showed a higher amount of deposited AgNPs. Water and water-alginate dispersions presented similar results. Ethanol amphiphilic character showed more affinity to AgNPs and PA66 fabric, allowing better uniform surface distribution of nanoparticles. Antimicrobial effect in E. coli showed good results in all the samples obtained by exhaustion method but using spray method only the DBD plasma treated samples displayed antimicrobial activity (log reduction of 5). Despite the better distribution achieved using ethanol as a solvent, water dispersion samples with DBD plasma treatment displayed better antimicrobial activity against S. aureus bacteria in both exhaustion (log reduction of 1.9) and spray (methods log reduction of 1.6) due to the different oxidation states of PA66 surface interacting with PVP-AgNPs, as demonstrated by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. Spray method using the water-suspended PVP-AgNPs onto DBD plasma-treated samples is much faster, less agglomerating and uses 10 times less PVP-AgNPs dispersion than the exhaustion method to obtain an antimicrobial effect in both S. aureus and E. coli.

show abstract

Section: Xpsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Effect of Dispersion Solvent on the Deposition of PVP-Silver Nanoparticles onto DBD Plasma-Treated Polyamide 6,6 Fabric and Its Antimicrobial Efficiency

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Potential measurements, divided into techniques, depending on the methodology: open circuit potential (OCP), a method that determines corrosion by measuring changes in potential between metallic rebar [6,7], and surface potential, which is based on the detection of potential changes depending on the charge of materials [8,9]. However, in both methods, it is necessary to drill until the metallic rebar, quantitative measurements and handling are difficult, and many factors such as the resistance of concrete and carbonation affect the results [4].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Lab Non Destructive Test to Analyze the Effect of Corrosion on Ground Penetrating Radar Scans

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Corrosion is a significant damage in many reinforced concrete structures, mainly in coastal areas. The oxidation of embedded iron or steel elements degrades rebar, producing a porous layer not adhered to the metallic surface. This process could completely destroy rebar. In addition, the concrete around the metallic targets is also damaged, and a dense grid of fissures appears around the oxidized elements. The evaluation of corrosion is difficult in early stages, because damage is usually hidden. Non-destructive testing measurements, based on non-destructive testing (NDT) electric and magnetic surveys, could detect damage as consequence of corrosion. The work presented in this paper is based in several laboratory tests, which are centered in defining the effect of different corrosion stage on ground penetrating radar (GPR) signals. The analysis focuses on the evaluation of the reflected wave amplitude and its behavior. The results indicated that an accurate analysis of amplitude decay and intensity could most likely reveal an approach to the state of degradation of the embedded metallic targets because GPR images exhibit characteristics that depend on the effects of the oxidized rebar and the damaged concrete. These characteristics could be detected and measured in some cases. One important feature is referred to as the reflected wave amplitude. In the case of corroded targets, this amplitude is lower than in the case of reflection on non-oxidized surfaces. Additionally, in some cases, a blurred image appears related to high corrosion. The results of the tests highlight the higher amplitude decay of the cases of specimens with corroded elements.

show abstract

“…X-ray diffraction (XRD) is used for determining the geometric structures of a material, as well as helping to identify its composition. A specific set of peaks at determined angles are associated with specific compounds [39]. Therefore, samples of the Indiana limestone rocks were crushed and sieved on a 200 mesh screen, with about 1 g of the crushed homogenized material being analyzed.…”

Section: Rock Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the Fluid–Solid Interaction of Acid Nonionic Nanoemulsion with Carbonate Porous Media

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The subject of rock–fluid interaction is important in cases where flow through porous media is occurring. One special case is when the fluid reacts with the porous matrix. In this case, the mass transfer and reaction rate control the dissolution pattern. This article aimed to study the interaction between an acid nanoemulsion system and a carbonate porous media. Nanoemulsions were developed to retard the rock’s dissolution and to promote the formation of conductivity channels. Nanoemulsions were prepared using ALK100 (alkyl alcohol ethoxylate) and RNX110 (alkylphenol ethoxylate) (nonionic surfactants), sec-butanol (co-surfactant), xylene isomers (oil phase), and a solution of HCl (aqueous phase). The obtained systems were characterized in terms of surface tension, droplet diameter, and reactivity. X-ray fluorescence/diffraction (XRF/XRD) and X-ray microtomography (microCT) were performed on carbonate porous media samples treated with the acid systems in order to observe the effects of the fluid–rock interaction. The results showed that the acid nanoemulsion, presenting a low oil content formulation, showed the low surface tension and droplet size characteristic of nanoemulsions. It was experimentally verified that the reactivity in the nanoemulsion media was mass-transfer-retarded, and that the wormhole pattern was verified under the studied conditions.

show abstract

Methods for Monitoring and Measuring Cleanliness of Surfaces

Cited by 26 publications

References 111 publications

Effect of Dispersion Solvent on the Deposition of PVP-Silver Nanoparticles onto DBD Plasma-Treated Polyamide 6,6 Fabric and Its Antimicrobial Efficiency

Effect of Dispersion Solvent on the Deposition of PVP-Silver Nanoparticles onto DBD Plasma-Treated Polyamide 6,6 Fabric and Its Antimicrobial Efficiency

Lab Non Destructive Test to Analyze the Effect of Corrosion on Ground Penetrating Radar Scans

Investigating the Fluid–Solid Interaction of Acid Nonionic Nanoemulsion with Carbonate Porous Media

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About