Methods to evaluate functional nerve recovery in adult rats: walking track analysis, video analysis and the withdrawal reflex

Dijkstra, Jeroen R.; Meek, Marcel F.; Robinson, P.H.; Gramsbergen, Albert

doi:10.1016/s0165-0270(99)00174-0

Cited by 184 publications

(134 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…In the static sciatic functional index (SSI) is a simpler test where only the parameters TS and ITS are the measurements included in equation (6). Prints for measurements are chosen at the time of walking based on precise, clear and completeness of footprints [9,36,37] . The mean distances of 3 measurements are used to calculate the following factors (dynamic and static):…”

Section: A B C D E Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of biodegradable electric conductive tube-guides and mesenchymal stem cells

Ribeiro¹,

Pereira²,

Caseiro³

et al. 2015

WJSC

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Section: A B C D E Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of biodegradable electric conductive tube-guides and mesenchymal stem cells

Ribeiro¹,

Pereira²,

Caseiro³

et al. 2015

WJSC

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“…The SFI value varies from 0 to -100, with 0 corresponding to normal function and -100 indicating total impairment. When no footprints were measurable, the index score of −100 was given (10). In each walking track, three footprints were analyzed by a single observer and the average of the measurements was used in SFI calculations.…”

Section: █ Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of memantine on functional recovery of the sciatic nerve crush injury in rat

Ghayour

Abdolmaleki²,

Rassouli³

2016

Turkish Neurosurgery

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ABSTRACTin turn, triggers free radical formation and multiple pathways leading to the initiation of apoptotic-like damage (1,5). Therefore, glutamate excitotoxicity is an attractive therapeutic target for attenuation of neural tissue damage (13,32). Hence, NMDA receptor antagonists could potentially provide neuroprotective effects in several neurodegenerative diseases manifesting excessive stimulation of NMDA receptors, including stroke, nerve injury and neuropathic pain syndromes (2,21). However, attempts to use potent competitive NMDA receptor antagonists as neuroprotectants have shown serious side effects in patients (42).Memantine is a non-competitive N-methyl-d-aspartate glutamate (NMDA) receptor antagonist and is capable of blocking excitotoxicity (12). This drug only reduces excessive NMDA receptor activation when it is pathologically activated for long █ INTRODUCTION P eripheral nerves injuries result in loss of motor, sensory and autonomic function of the affected nerves. Spinal neural circuits undergo continuous functional and structural changes in response to a peripheral nerve injury (2). Some recent studies show that glutamate receptors may be involved in sensory and motor neuron apoptosis following severe nerve injury in rats (14,17,25,50). Glutamate is an important excitatory neurotransmitter in the nervous system. Neural trauma triggers massive release of glutamate from injured cells (2). Overactivation of the N-methyl-Daspartate (NMDA) glutamate receptor subtype can result in a process called excitotoxicity that leads to cell death (20,32). Excitotoxicity is due to excessive calcium ion influx which, AIm: Following severe peripheral nerve injury (PNI), regeneration is often insufficient and functional recovery is incomplete. In this regard, glutamate N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist such as Memantine have been shown to have neuroprotective effects. We evaluated the effects of Memantine against sciatic nerve crush injury in male Wistar Rats. mATERIAl and mEThODS: Memantine or vehicle was given parenteraly to rats for 7 days postoperative. In Memantine treatment groups, a single dose of agent (5 and 10 mg/kg) was administered daily. The control group was given vehicle in the same manner. The rats were subjected to crush injury in the left sciatic nerve with non-serrated clamp for 30 seconds. Behavioural, electrophysiological and morphological alterations were evaluated during the experimental period. RESUlTS:Results showed that Memantine has no significant effect on regeneration process rate and functional recovery quality. In the sciatic functional index (SFI) test no significant difference was observed between Memantine treatment groups (5 and 10 mg/ kg) at any week. CONClUSION:Since the major neuroprotective effect of Memantine is due to its protective activity against NMDA receptormediated excitotoxicity, it seems that glutamate excitotoxicity is less important in motor impairment due to sciatic nerve crush injury. It is clear that more research is needed to confirm these findin...

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“…The filming was based on other studies 13,14 with some modifications. Footprints by the new proposed filming method with controlled gait speed.…”

Section: Functional Gait Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Esteira com velocidade controlada para captação da marcha

et al. 2010

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Histological and electrophysiological methods for evaluation of peripheral nerve regeneration do not faithfully reproduce the functional index of limbs, even in controlled experimental conditions. Some methods of functional evaluation have been proposed, but their correlation to histological and electrophysiological data is not completely established, requiring more investigations with improvement of collection, management and processing of obtained data. In this study we developed a treadmill with controlled speed for recording footprint of rats submitted to different kinds of sciatic, fibular and tibial nerve lesions. The footprints were obtained on a walking track by means of a webcam connected to the treadmill and a computer with capacity to record the gait that will be submitted to functional evaluation. The developed treadmill allows the collection and filming of gaits and it has been tested in current experimental studies in rats with sciatic nerve lesion submitted to different kinds of treatment. The treadmill also enables researchers to record gait with constant, controlled and pre-established speed, with the possibility of direct visualization through the treadmill wall. In this manner, some variables that could damage the results of the research are resolved.

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Methods to evaluate functional nerve recovery in adult rats: walking track analysis, video analysis and the withdrawal reflex

Cited by 184 publications

References 47 publications

Evaluation of biodegradable electric conductive tube-guides and mesenchymal stem cells

Evaluation of biodegradable electric conductive tube-guides and mesenchymal stem cells

The effect of memantine on functional recovery of the sciatic nerve crush injury in rat

Esteira com velocidade controlada para captação da marcha

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