Methyl Salicylate and Sesquiterpene Emissions Are Indicative for Aphid Infestation on Scots Pine

Kivimäenpää, Minna; Babalola, Aishat B.; Joutsensaari, Jorma; Holopainen, Jarmo K.

doi:10.3390/f11050573

Cited by 14 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 79 publications

(114 reference statements)

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“…As olfactory cues, we used two HIPVs, methyl salicylate (MeSA) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA). These are well-known substances produced by a wide range of plant species in response to herbivory or other stressors; MeJA is linked to damage by chewing herbivores like caterpillars and MeSA to sap-sucking herbivores like aphids (Thaler, 1999;Moreira et al, 2018;Kivimäenpää et al, 2020). They are known to attract predatory insects (e.g., James and Price, 2004;Simpson et al, 2011), and appear also to be detectable by insectivorous birds in the field (Mrazova and Sam, 2017;Hiltpold and Shriver, 2018;Rubene et al, 2019).…”

Section: Visual and Olfactory Cuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Great Tits Learn Odors and Colors Equally Well, and Show No Predisposition for Herbivore-Induced Plant Volatiles

et al. 2022

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Ability to efficiently localize productive foraging habitat is crucial for nesting success of insectivorous birds. Some bird species can use olfaction to identify caterpillar-infested trees by detection of herbivore induced plant volatiles (HIPVs), but these cues probably need to be learned. So far, we know very little about the process of olfactory learning in birds, whether insectivorous species have a predisposition for detecting and learning HIPVs, due to the high ecological significance of these odors, and how olfaction is integrated with vision in making foraging decisions. In a standardized setup, we tested whether 35 wild-caught great tits (Parus major) show any preference for widely abundant HIPVs compared to neutral (non-induced) plant odors, how fast they learn to associate olfactory, visual and multimodal foraging cues with food, and whether the olfactory preferences and learning speed were influenced by bird sex or habitat (urban or rural). We also tested how fast birds switch to a new cue of the same modality. Great tits showed no initial preference for HIPVs compared to neutral odors, and they learned all olfactory cues at a similar pace, except for methyl salicylate (MeSA), which they learned more slowly. We also found no differences in learning speeds between visual, olfactory and multimodal foraging cues, but birds learned the second cue they were offered faster than the first one. Bird sex or habitat had no effect on learning speed or olfactory preference, but urban birds tended to learn visual cues more slowly. We conclude that insectivorous birds utilize olfactory and visual cues with similar efficiency in foraging, and that they probably don‘t have any special predisposition toward the tested HIPVs. These results confirm that great tits are flexible foragers with good learning abilities.

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Section: Visual and Olfactory Cuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Great Tits Learn Odors and Colors Equally Well, and Show No Predisposition for Herbivore-Induced Plant Volatiles

et al. 2022

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“…Although there have been numerous studies on plants in general [ 114 ], very few studies have explicitly investigated the effects of piercing–sucking herbivores on BVOC emissions of boreal trees. Kivimäenpää et al [ 106 ] showed that P. sylvestris infested by the aphid Cinara pinea Mordvilko, had significantly increased emissions of methyl salicylate (MeSA) and SQTs, but MT emissions were not affected. In a study of B. pendula and A. glutinosa by Blande et al [ 107 ], some induced terpene emissions were recorded, but the most notable aphid-induced emission was MeSA.…”

Section: Herbivore Feeding and Oviposition Effects On Bvoc Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a study of B. pendula and A. glutinosa by Blande et al [ 107 ], some induced terpene emissions were recorded, but the most notable aphid-induced emission was MeSA. These two studies indicate that aphid-feeding characteristically induces emissions of MeSA which appear to be dependent on aphid density [ 106 ] and duration of infestation [ 107 ].…”

Section: Herbivore Feeding and Oviposition Effects On Bvoc Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Potential of Climate Change and Herbivory to Affect the Release and Atmospheric Reactions of BVOCs from Boreal and Subarctic Forests

Holopainen

Kivimäenpää

et al. 2021

Molecules

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Compared to most other forest ecosystems, circumpolar boreal and subarctic forests have few tree species, and are prone to mass outbreaks of herbivorous insects. A short growing season with long days allows rapid plant growth, which will be stimulated by predicted warming of polar areas. Emissions of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOC) from soil and vegetation could be substantial on sunny and warm days and biotic stress may accelerate emission rates. In the atmosphere, BVOCs are involved in various gas-phase chemical reactions within and above forest canopies. Importantly, the oxidation of BVOCs leads to secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation. SOA particles scatter and absorb solar radiation and grow to form cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and participate in cloud formation. Through BVOC and moisture release and SOA formation and condensation processes, vegetation has the capacity to affect the abiotic environment at the ecosystem scale. Recent BVOC literature indicates that both temperature and herbivory have a major impact on BVOC emissions released by woody species. Boreal conifer forest is the largest terrestrial biome and could be one of the largest sources of biogenic mono- and sesquiterpene emissions due to the capacity of conifer trees to store terpene-rich resins in resin canals above and belowground. Elevated temperature promotes increased diffusion of BVOCs from resin stores. Moreover, insect damage can break resin canals in needles, bark, and xylem and cause distinctive bursts of BVOCs during outbreaks. In the subarctic, mountain birch forests have cyclic outbreaks of Geometrid moths. During outbreaks, trees are often completely defoliated leading to an absence of BVOC-emitting foliage. However, in the years following an outbreak there is extended shoot growth, a greater number of leaves, and greater density of glandular trichomes that store BVOCs. This can lead to a delayed chemical defense response resulting in the highest BVOC emission rates from subarctic forest in the 1–3 years after an insect outbreak. Climate change is expected to increase insect outbreaks at high latitudes due to warmer seasons and arrivals of invasive herbivore species. Increased BVOC emission will affect tropospheric ozone (O3) formation and O3 induced oxidation of BVOCs. Herbivore-induced BVOC emissions from deciduous and coniferous trees are also likely to increase the formation rate of SOA and further growth of the particles in the atmosphere. Field experiments measuring the BVOC emission rates, SOA formation rate and particle concentrations within and above the herbivore attacked forest stands are still urgently needed.

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“…For instance, trees and shrubs emitted (E)-2-hexenal upon wounding and in response to bacterial pathogenesis [6]. Emissions of Pinus sylvestris saplings infected with large pine aphid (Cinara pinea Mordviko) contained methyl salicylate and (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate [75]. Plants infected with pathogens probably emit methyl salicylate to activate disease resistance in neighboring plants and healthy tissues of the emitting plant [7].…”

Section: Sources Of Glv 21 Reasons or Causes Of Emissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Green Leaf Volatiles in the Atmosphere—Properties, Transformation, and Significance

2021

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This review thoroughly covers the research on green leaf volatiles (GLV) in the context of atmospheric chemistry. It briefly takes on the GLV sources, in-plant synthesis, and emission inventory data. The discussion of properties includes GLV solubility in aqueous systems, Henry’s constants, partition coefficients, and UV spectra. The mechanisms of gas-phase reactions of GLV with OH, NO3, and Cl radicals, and O3 are explained and accompanied by a catalog of products identified experimentally. The rate constants of gas-phase reactions are collected in tables with brief descriptions of corresponding experiments. A similar presentation covers the aqueous-phase reactions of GLV. The review of multiphase and heterogeneous transformations of GLV covers the smog-chamber experiments, products identified therein, along with their yields and the yields of secondary organic aerosols (SOA) formed, if any. The components of ambient SOA linked to GLV are briefly presented. This review recognized GLV as atmospheric trace compounds that reside primarily in the gas phase but did not exclude their transformation in atmospheric waters. GLV have a proven potential to be a source of SOA with a global burden of 0.6 to 1 Tg yr−1 (estimated jointly for (Z)-hexen-1-ol, (Z)-3-hexenal, and 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol), 0.03 Tg yr−1 from switch grass cultivation for biofuels, and 0.05 Tg yr−1 from grass mowing.

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Methyl Salicylate and Sesquiterpene Emissions Are Indicative for Aphid Infestation on Scots Pine

Cited by 14 publications

References 79 publications

Great Tits Learn Odors and Colors Equally Well, and Show No Predisposition for Herbivore-Induced Plant Volatiles

Great Tits Learn Odors and Colors Equally Well, and Show No Predisposition for Herbivore-Induced Plant Volatiles

Potential of Climate Change and Herbivory to Affect the Release and Atmospheric Reactions of BVOCs from Boreal and Subarctic Forests

Green Leaf Volatiles in the Atmosphere—Properties, Transformation, and Significance

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