MHD Flow and Heat Transfer of Hybrid Nanofluid over an Exponentially Shrinking Surface with Heat Source/Sink

Abstract

In nanotechnology research, nanofluid technology contributes many applications to engineering applications and industry, such as power generation, solar collection, heat exchangers for cooling, and many more. However, there are still a few constraints in terms of heat transfer enhancement, although nanofluid properties show the best heat transfer rate compared with conventional fluids. Thus, this study was conducted for the purpose of investigating the behaviors of flow and heat transfer of hybrid nanofluid with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on a permeable exponentially shrinking surface, as well as investigating the effects of a magnetic field and heat source/sink. This study was conducted by developing a mathematical model, which was the Tiwari–Das model for momentum and energy equations, and then transforming the model’s partial differential equations (PDEs) to ordinary differential equations (ODEs) using a similarity solution. Next, these equations were solved numerically using the MATLAB bvp4c boundary value problem solver. The authors particularly explored these behaviors with a few variations. Based on the results obtained, it was found that dual solutions exist in a specific range of the shrinking case, and that the critical point also exists in a range of −1.5 < < −1 with different parameters. For the heat source/sink effect, the Nusselt number was higher when heat sink case ε < 0, whereas it decreased when the heat source case ε > 0. Therefore, this study deduced that the heat transfer rate of hybrid nanofluid (CNTs/Cu–water) is better than regular nanofluid (CNT–water) and conventional fluid (water). The present study took into consideration the problem of MHD flow and heat transfer analysis of a hybrid nanofluid towards an exponentially shrinking surface with the presence of heat source/sink and thermal radiation effects. The authors show that dual solutions exist within a specific range of values due to the shrinking case. The current work is predicted to have numerous benefits in equivalent real-world systems.

Magnetized mixed convection hybrid nanofluid with effect of heat generation/absorption and velocity slip condition

“…The impacts of heat generation/absorption, MHD on the hybrid nanofluid across a bidirectional exponentially stretched/shrunk layer were investigated by Zainal et al [ 44 ] Under heat generation and slip conditions, Wahid et al [ 45 ] examined that an exponentially extending and contracting permeable sheet. Several experts have looked into heat generation and absorption, including [ 46 , 47 ].…”

Spherical Hybrid Nanoparticles for Homann Stagnation-Point Flow in Porous Media via Homotopy Analysis Method

“…In a porous medium, Wahid et al [ 25 ] numerically simulated flows of Marangoni hybrid nanofluids, demonstrating the importance of porous media and hybrid nanofluids. Using magnetic fields and heat sources/sinks, Othman et al [ 26 ] investigated the flows and heat transfer behaviors of carbon nanotubes on permeable exponentially shrinking surfaces. Khan et al [ 27 ] considered the radiation-mixed convection flows of hybrid nanofluids through vertical cylinders with porous heat sources and sinks.…”

Stability of non-Newtonian nanofluid movement with heat/mass transportation passed through a hydro magnetic elongating/contracting sheet: multiple branches solutions

“…Several manufacturing processes like hydrothermal sources, chemical reactions, nuclear power plants, and energy absorption reveal the significant applications of heat sources/sinks 39 . Hayat et al 40 considered the effect of heat sources/sinks with chemical processes on hybrid nanofluid through the extended sheet. The 2D flow of time-independent over the stretched sheet in the inspiration of slip and heat generation/sink was examined by Wahid et al 41 .…”