Micro-CT-based screening of biomechanical and structural properties of bone tissue engineering scaffolds

Cleynenbreugel, Tim Van; Schrooten, Jan; Oosterwyck, Hans Van; Sloten, Jos Vander

doi:10.1007/s11517-006-0071-z

Cited by 73 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…22,23 For this work, pore size (1 mm), pore shape (spherical), and pore interconnectivity (100%) were kept constant between the two permeability designs (high and low). Variation in permeability was created through changing the amount of overlap between spherical pores, which resulted in differences in porosity, throat size, and surface area, as these design features are interrelated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Numerous studies (described below) demonstrate that pore size, interconnectivity, and porosity affect bone tissue regeneration, and these three design features appear to be the most important structural variables in an initial scaffold screening algorithm developed by Cleyenbreugel et al 22 for bone tissue engineering applications. It is difficult to keep all three of these variables constant and create two scaffolds of differing permeability that can be built successfully.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Polycaprolactone Scaffold Permeability on Bone Regeneration In Vivo

Mitsak

Kemppainen

Harris

et al. 2011

Tissue Engineering Part A

157

114

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Successful bone tissue engineering depends on the scaffold's ability to allow nutrient diffusion to and waste removal from the regeneration site, as well as provide an appropriate mechanical environment. Since bone is highly vascularized, scaffolds that provide greater mass transport may support increased bone regeneration. Permeability encompasses the salient features of three-dimensional porous scaffold architecture effects on scaffold mass transport. We hypothesized that higher permeability scaffolds will enhance bone regeneration for a given cell seeding density. We manufactured poly-e-caprolactone scaffolds, designed to have the same internal pore design and either a low permeability (0.688 · 10 /N-s), respectively. Scaffolds were seeded with bone morphogenic protein-7-transduced human gingival fibroblasts and implanted subcutaneously in immune-compromised mice for 4 and 8 weeks. Micro-CT evaluation showed better bone penetration into high permeability scaffolds, with blood vessel infiltration visible at 4 weeks. Compression testing showed that scaffold design had more influence on elastic modulus than time point did and that bone tissue infiltration increased the mechanical properties of the high permeability scaffolds at 8 weeks. These results suggest that for polycaprolactone, a more permeable scaffold with regular architecture is best for in vivo bone regeneration. This finding is an important step toward the end goal of optimizing a scaffold for bone tissue engineering.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Polycaprolactone Scaffold Permeability on Bone Regeneration In Vivo

Mitsak

Kemppainen

Harris

et al. 2011

Tissue Engineering Part A

157

114

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Cahill et al found that models based on the designed scaffold geometry over-predicted the scaffold stiffness by up to 147% and that surface roughness is a factor that needs to be accounted for 4 . High resolution finite element meshes have been successfully generated from micro-CT scans giving accurate models of the real geometries of both bone tissue engineering scaffolds 6,10,38,49,50,52,57 and native bone tissue 2,29,40,47,51 .Micromechanics approaches to evaluate the mechanical properties of particle-reinforced composites traditionally use idealised microstructures based on particle distribution and are often modelled under periodic boundary conditions 5 . This approach was used by Eshragi et al to determine the bulk mechanical properties of a PCL/hydroxyapatite SLS scaffold 14 .…”

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confidence: 99%

Predicting the Elastic Properties of Selective Laser Sintered PCL/β-TCP Bone Scaffold Materials Using Computational Modelling

2013

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Publication InformationDoyle, H., Lohfeld, S., McHugh, P.E. (2013) 'Predicting the elastic properties of selective laser sintered PCL/b-TCP bone scaffold materials using computational modelling'. Annals Of Biomedical Engineering, 42 (3):661-677. Publisher SpringerLink to publisher's version http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10439-013-0913-4Item record http://hdl.handle.net/10379/5524 DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10439-013-0913-4Accepted manuscript, published in Annals of Biomedical Engineering 09/2013; 42(3), pp 661-677. The final publication is available at Springer via http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10439-013-0913-4Title: Predicting the elastic properties of selective laser sintered PCL/β-TCP bone scaffold materials using computational modelling. AbstractThis study assesses the ability of finite element models to capture the mechanical behaviour of sintered orthopaedic scaffold materials. Individual scaffold struts were fabricated from a 50:50 wt% poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL) /β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) blend, using selective laser sintering (SLS). The tensile elastic modulus of single struts was determined experimentally. High resolution finite element models of single struts were generated from micro-CT scans (28.8µm resolution) and an effective strut elastic modulus was calculated from tensile loading simulations. Three material assignment methods were employed: (1) homogeneous PCL elastic constants, (2) composite PCL/ β-TCP elastic constants based on rule of mixtures, and (3) heterogeneous distribution of micromechanically-determined elastic constants. In comparison with experimental results, the use of homogeneous PCL properties gave a good estimate of strut modulus; however it is not sufficiently representative of the real material as it neglects the β-TCP phase. The rule of mixtures method significantly overestimated strut modulus, while there was no significant difference between strut modulus evaluated using the micromechanically-determined elastic constants and experimentally evaluated strut modulus. These results indicate that the multi-scale approach of linking micromechancial modelling of the sintered scaffold material with macroscale modelling gives an accurate prediction of the mechanical behaviour of the sintered structure.Keywords: selective laser sintering; polycaprolactone, B-tricalcium phosphate; micromechanical modelling; bone tissue engineering; mechanical properties; finite element analysis.3 IntroductionThe purpose of bone tissue engineering scaffolds is to fill defects and support mechanical loading while providing a template on which new bone will form. The remodelling of native bone in response to mechanical loading occurs when cells convert mechanical stimuli to chemical signals to direct the formation of new tissue or resorption through mechanotransduction 30,44 . The mechanical stimuli that influence bone formation in vivo are a combination of both fluid shear over the cells 36,55 and mechanical loading of the cells 16,24,58 , therefore it is important to be able to acc...

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“…Such analysis can be used to vary several geometrical or material parameters at the same time and to choose the most suitable ones for the replacement of natural tissues [7]. Simulations of perfusion bioreactors have been investigated for 3D scaffold performances [10], [11], [12]. Lacroix, D., and Prendergast, P.J.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prediction of Patient-Specific Tissue Engineering Scaffolds for Optimal Design

Chuan¹,

Hoque²,

Pashby³

2013

IJMO

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Abstract-The fabrication of patient-specific tissue engineering scaffold is highly appreciated that requires prior estimation of porous and mechanical characteristics. Architectural controllability and reproducibility are also essential aspects in the development of 3D functional scaffolds. This work presents a computational approach to determine porous and mechanical characteristics of 3D scaffolds. The computational modeling could be a powerful tool to assist designing 3D scaffold with optimum characteristics as required for a particular patient in need. The 3D scaffolds were successfully modeled investigating the influences of design parameters on the porous and mechanical properties via finite element analysis (FEA) and ANSYS application software. It was revealed by ANSYS that the increase in porosity decreased the mechanical properties and increased the damping factor. The Scaffold porosities were obtained in the range of 47% to 95% with varying pore shape and size by modulating lay-down pattern, filament diameter and filament distance. IndexTerms-Tissue engineering, scaffold, rapid prototyping, finite element analysis.

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Micro-CT-based screening of biomechanical and structural properties of bone tissue engineering scaffolds

Cited by 73 publications

References 30 publications

Effect of Polycaprolactone Scaffold Permeability on Bone Regeneration In Vivo

Effect of Polycaprolactone Scaffold Permeability on Bone Regeneration In Vivo

Predicting the Elastic Properties of Selective Laser Sintered PCL/β-TCP Bone Scaffold Materials Using Computational Modelling

Prediction of Patient-Specific Tissue Engineering Scaffolds for Optimal Design

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