Micro-CT observation of &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; temporal change in mandibular condyle morphology in &lt;i&gt;BMAL1&lt;/i&gt; knockout mice

Hirai, Shigenori; Hayashi, Yusuke; Ito, Motohiro; Amemiya, Toshihiko; Dezawa, Ko; Arai, Yoshinori; Ejima, Ken-ichiro; Shimba, Shigeki; Honda, Kazumasa

doi:10.2334/josnusd.17-0390

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Thus, 36-week-old mice can be considered to be in early middle-age and do not normally show abnormal decreases in BMD. In the BMAL1-KO mice, normal growth is observed until about 11 weeks, and then pathological changes in some biological functions, such as activity levels and body weight, gradually develop [17]. Zhou et al [13] evaluated the morphology and bone volume of the mandibular condyle in BMAL1-KO mice and showed that no significant hypoplasia or low bone volume was evident until at least 8 weeks.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological characteristics of interalveolar septum and mandible in BMAL1 gene knockout mice

et al. 2021

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Purpose: Circadian rhythm is associated with the pathogenesis of systemic disease and bone mineral metabolism. This study aimed to radiographically evaluate morphological characteristics of the interalveolar septum in circadian rhythm deficient animals. Methods: Heads of 10 brain and muscle arnt-like protein-1 (BMAL1)knockout (KO) mice and 10 wild-type mice sacrificed at 36 weeks were imaged using micro-computed tomography. The mean depth from the cementoenamel junction to the alveolar ridge (virtual bone sounding: VBS) of the interalveolar septum between the first and second molars, and the bone mineral density (BMD) of the interalveolar septum and the mandibular inferior cortex region were calculated. Tooth diameter was also measured. Results: The VBS of the interalveolar septum in the BMAL1-KO mice was significantly deeper than that in wild-type mice. The BMD in the BMAL1-KO mice was significantly lower than in the wild-type mice in both regions. No significant difference was observed in tooth diameter between BMAL1-KO and wild-type mice. Conclusion:These results suggest that low BMD in the interalveolar septum accelerates bone resorption in the interalveolar septum in BMAL1-KO mice. Keywords; BMAL1, bone mineral density, circadian rhythm, periodontitis Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT)Micro-CT examination was performed using the R_mCT system (Rigaku, Tokyo, Japan) for all subjects. Imaging conditions were as follows: tube voltage 90 kV, tube current 200 μA, exposure time 2 m, voxel size 20 × 20 × 20 μm 3 , matrix size 480 × 480 × 480. The center of x, y and z axis of the FOV was set at the center of the mandible at molar region,

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological characteristics of interalveolar septum and mandible in BMAL1 gene knockout mice

et al. 2021

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“…The low-bone-mass phenotype was recapitulated in MSCs with conditional Bmal1 knockout (Bmal1 f/f .Prx1-cre) 45) . Abnormal mandibular condyle morphology 46) and mandibular hypoplasia 47) were also demonstrated in Bmal1 knockout mice.…”

Section: Adult Stem Cellsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Implications of the circadian clock in implant dentistry

Okawa

Egusa

Nishimura³

2020

Dent. Mater. J.

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Circadian rhythms are approximately 24-h cell-autonomous cycles driven by transcription and translation feedback loops of a set of core circadian clock genes, such as circadian locomoter output cycles kaput (Clock), brain and muscle arnt-like protein-1 (Bmal1), period (Per), and cryptochrome (Cry). The genetic clockwork of these genes produces circadian rhythms in cells throughout the body, including the craniofacial region. During development, dento-alveolar bone tissue formation could be regulated by site-specific circadian patterns. Studies using knockout mice and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to evaluate clock genes revealed regulatory effects of clock function on bone remodeling, suggesting involvement of the circadian clockwork in osseointegration of titanium implants. Indeed, rough surface titanium modulates specific clock genes, Neuronal PAS domain protein-2 (Npas2) and Per, in MSCs to facilitate osseointegration. Further understanding of the bone clock machinery associated with biomaterial surface properties might improve preoperative diagnosis for dental implant treatments.

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“…Major clock genes, Bmal1 and Per2 , were oscillating in a regular 24-hour circadian rhythm in tooth-derived stem cells, suggesting that Bmal1 and Per2 may be regulators of tooth development ( Furukawa et al, 2005 ; Hilbert et al, 2019 ; Jiang et al, 2022 ; Lacruz et al, 2012 ; Zheng et al, 2013 ). The role of Bmal1 in promoting oral and maxillofacial development has been previously investigated ( Hirai et al, 2018 ; Koshi et al, 2020 ; Liu et al, 2022 ; Zhao et al, 2018 ). In particular, Bmal1 was recently found to regulate dental pulp cell differentiation and dentin formation ( Xu et al, 2022 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PER2 regulates odontoblastic differentiation of dental papilla cells in vitro via intracellular ATP content and reactive oxygen species levels

Ma,

Sheng,

Chen

et al. 2023

PeerJ

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Background Dental papilla cells (DPCs) are one of the key stem cells for tooth development, eventually forming dentin and pulp. Previous studies have reported that PER2 is expressed in a 24-hour oscillatory pattern in DPCs in vitro. In vivo, PER2 is highly expressed in odontoblasts (which are differentiated from DPCs). However, whether PER2 modulates the odontogenic differentiation of DPCs is uncertain. This research was to identify the function of PER2 in the odontogenic differentiation of DPCs and preliminarily explore its mechanisms. Methods We monitored the expression of PER2 in DPCs differentiated in vivo. We used PER2 overexpression and knockdown studies to assess the role of PER2 in DPC differentiation and performed intracellular ATP content and reactive oxygen species (ROS) assays to further investigate the mechanism. Results PER2 expression was considerably elevated throughout the odontoblastic differentiation of DPCs in vivo. Overexpressing Per2 boosted levels of odontogenic differentiation markers, such as dentin sialophosphoprotein (Dspp), dentin matrix protein 1 (Dmp1), and alkaline phosphatase (Alp), and enhanced mineralized nodule formation in DPCs. Conversely, the downregulation of Per2 inhibited the differentiation of DPCs. Additionally, downregulating Per2 further affected intracellular ATP content and ROS levels during DPC differentiation. Conclusion Overall, we demonstrated that PER2 positively regulates the odontogenic differentiation of DPCs, and the mechanism may be related to mitochondrial function as shown by intracellular ATP content and ROS levels.

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Micro-CT observation of <i>in vivo</i> temporal change in mandibular condyle morphology in <i>BMAL1</i> knockout mice

Cited by 5 publications

References 19 publications

Morphological characteristics of interalveolar septum and mandible in BMAL1 gene knockout mice

Morphological characteristics of interalveolar septum and mandible in BMAL1 gene knockout mice

Implications of the circadian clock in implant dentistry

PER2 regulates odontoblastic differentiation of dental papilla cells in vitro via intracellular ATP content and reactive oxygen species levels

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