Microbial Analysis of Subgingival Plaque Samples Compared to That of Whole Saliva in Patients With Periodontitis

Abstract

Objectives The purpose of this study was to compare microbial profiles of saliva, pooled and site-specific subgingival samples in patients with periodontitis. We tested the hypotheses that saliva can be an alternative to pooled subgingival samples, when screening for presence of periopathogens. Design Site specific subgingival plaque samples (n = 54), pooled subgingival plaque samples (n = 18) and stimulated saliva samples (n = 18) were collected from 18 patients with generalized chronic periodontitis. Subgingival and salivary microbiotas were characterized by means of HOMINGS (Human Oral Microbe Identification using Next Generation Sequencing) and microbial community profiles were compared using Spearman rank correlation coefficient. Results Pronounced intraindividual differences were recorded in site-specific microbial profiles, and site-specific information was in general not reflected by pooled subgingival samples. Presence of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, Prevotella intermedia, Filifactor alocis, Tannerella forsythia and Parvimona micra in site-specific subgingival samples were detected in saliva with an AUC of 0.79 (sensitivity: 0.61, specificity: 0.94), compared to an AUC of 0.76 (sensitivity: 0.56, specificity: 0.94) in pooled subgingival samples.

Changes in salivary periodontal pathogens after orthodontic treatment: An in vivo prospective study

“…Previous studies have shown positive associations between the levels of periodontal pathogens in saliva and in subgingival plaque 4 and between the detection of periodontal pathogens in the saliva and the degree of gingival inflammation. 5 Considering that saliva collection is a simple, safe, economical, and noninvasive method, it should be a useful medium for monitoring oral pathogen levels during orthodontic treatment.…”

Gene Regulation, Two Component Regulatory Systems, and Adaptive Responses in Treponema Denticola

“…Environmental transitions in the subgingival crevice as periodontal disease develops have been demonstrated to trigger significant alterations in both the host and T. denticola transcriptome (Bakthavatchalu et al 2011;Haririan et al 2014;Jonsson et al 2011). However, the regulatory pathways and effectors that control adaptive responses are relatively unknown.…”

Characterization of specimens obtained by different sampling methods for evaluation of periodontal bacteria

“…A previous study yielded kappa values of 0.40 and 0.59 for detection of T. forthysia and T. denticola from saliva and subgingival plaque (48). This study also used pooled subgingival plaque samples from the deepest pocket in each quadrant.…”