Microbial Degradation of Natural Rubber Vulcanizates

Tsuchii, Akio; Suzuki, Tomoo; Takeda, Kiyoshi

doi:10.1128/aem.50.4.965-970.1985

Cited by 132 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…This ¢nding corresponds well to the results obtained by an analogous examination of a previously described Nocardia strain [14]. Earlier studies with this isolate showed that oligomers containing carbonyl groups at their ends were formed during degradation indicating oxidative scission of the IR chain at the double bonds [6]. Further examination must clarify whether this scheme is also suitable for P. aeruginosa AL98.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

A Gram-negative bacterium, identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa AL98, is a potent degrader of natural rubber and synthetic cis-1,4-polyisoprene

Linos

2000

FEMS Microbiology Letters

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A Gram-negative bacterium, strain AL98, was isolated from foul water inside of a deteriorated car tire on a farmer's field in Mu «nster, Germany. The strain was able to considerably disintegrate natural rubber (NR), either in the raw state as NR latex concentrate or in the vulcanized state as NR latex glove, as well as raw synthetic cis-1,4-polyisoprene (IR). Determination of carbon dioxide evolution and living cell number during batch cultivation with each of the materials as sole source of carbon, revealed mineralization of the rubber polymer during biomass increase. Surface investigation by scanning electron microscopy gave evidence for an adhesive growth behavior of the strain proceeding by colonizing the rubber surface, merging into the rubber and forming a biofilm prior to disintegration of the material. Schiff's reagent staining performed with NR latex gloves indicated production and accumulation of aldehyde groups during colonization. The solid glove substrate disappeared completely after a prolonged cultivation period as a result of continuous degradation. Taxonomic analyses of the strain, which were also based on similarity examination of the complete 16S rRNA gene, revealed classification of strain AL98 as a strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This is the first report about the isolation of a Gram-negative bacterium exhibiting strong rubber decomposing properties. ß

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

A Gram-negative bacterium, identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa AL98, is a potent degrader of natural rubber and synthetic cis-1,4-polyisoprene

Linos

2000

FEMS Microbiology Letters

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“…35Y (Tsuchii and Takeda 1990) and many actinomycetes (Jendrossek et al 1997) or grow adhesively on rubber without clearing zone formation such as several Gordonia strains (Linos et al 1999(Linos et al , 2002. Based on identified metabolites (Tsuchii et al 1985;Tsuchii and Takeda 1990;Bode et al 2000) isolated from rubber grown bacterial cultures, a biochemical degradation route has been proposed for rubber degradation (Bode et al 2001;. Meanwhile, two candidate proteins (Lcp and RoxA) have been described that are involved in primary attack of the polyisoprene carbon backbone.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a homologous expression system for rubber oxygenase RoxA from Xanthomonas sp.

Hambsch

Schmitt

Jendrossek

2010

Journal of Applied Microbiology

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Aims: Natural rubber (poly‐[cis‐1,4‐isoprene]) can be cleaved into 12‐oxo‐4,8‐dimethyltrideca‐4,8‐diene‐1‐al by rubber oxygenase A (RoxA) isolated from Xanthomonas sp. RoxA is a novel type of dihaem dioxygenase with unknown cleavage mechanism of the rubber carbon backbone. Analysis of mutant RoxA after mutagenesis could be a way to investigate the function of selected amino acids of RoxA during catalysis. Unfortunately, expression of functional RoxA in recombinant Escherichia coli or in recombinant γ‐Proteobacteria such as Pseudomonas putida was not possible in our hands. Therefore, expression of recombinant RoxA in the homologous host, Xanthomonas, was performed. Methods and Results: A transformation system via electroporation was established, and a conjugation system was optimized for Xanthomonas sp. Inactivation of the chromosomal roxA gene by insertional mutagenesis resulted in inability of Xanthomonas sp. to produce active RoxA and to utilize rubber as a sole source of carbon and energy. When an intact copy of roxA was cloned under control of a rhamnose‐inducible promoter in a broad host range vector and was transferred to Xanthomonas sp., high expression levels of functional RoxA in the presence of rhamnose were obtained. Conclusions and Significance and Impact of the Study: Purification of recombinantly expressed RoxA was simplified because of drastically shortened fermentation times and because separation of RoxA from remaining rubber latex particles was not necessary with rhamnose‐induced cultures. About 6 mg purified RoxA were obtained from 1 l of cell‐free culture fluid. Purified recombinant RoxA was highly active and revealed comparable spectral properties as RoxA purified from the wild type. The results of our study are the methodical basis for molecular biological manipulation in Xanthomonas sp. and will simplify investigation into the biochemical mechanisms by which rubber can be biodegraded in the environment by this novel extracellular dihaem dioxygenase RoxA.

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“…(Heisey and Papadatos 1995), Nocardia sp. (Heisey and Papadatos 1995;Tsuchii and Tokiwa 1997;Tsuchii et al 1985), Xanthomonas sp. (Tsuchii and Takeda 1990), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Linos et al 2000b) have been shown to degrade natural rubber successfully (a main component of tyre material) in the laboratory.…”

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confidence: 99%

Bacterial communities of tyre monofill sites: growth on tyre shreds and leachate

Vukanti

Crissman

Leff

et al. 2009

Journal of Applied Microbiology

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Aims: To investigate bacterial communities of tyre monofill sites, colonization of tyre material by bacteria and the effect of tyre leachate on bacteria. Methods and Results: Culturable bacteria were isolated from buried tyre shreds and identified using fatty acid methyl ester analysis. Isolates belonged to taxonomic groups such as Bacilli, Actinobacteria, Clostridia, Flavobacteria, β and γ‐proteobacteria. For tyre material colonization experiments, Bacillus megatarium, Bacillus cereus, Hydrogenophaga flava, Janthinobacterium lividum, Cellulosimicrobium cellulans, Arthrobacter globiformis (isolated from tyre shreds or leachate at the study site); Escherichia coli and Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans were used. Beakers containing tyre shreds and artificial rain water were inoculated with a given bacterial culture, incubated at room temperature and sampled at regular intervals. 4′,6‐diamidino‐2‐phenylindole (DAPI) staining followed by epifluorescent microscopy was used to enumerate bacteria in samples. Of the bacteria tested, B. megatarium, J. lividum, E. coli, C. cellulans and A. globiformis exhibited the most extensive colonization of the tyre shreds. However, the extent of colonization varied among bacteria. Response to tyre leachate was also examined using B. cereus and J. lividum. Both bacteria increased in abundance due to the addition of leachate. Conclusions: Bacteria associated with buried tyre shreds were identified and found to include typical soil and freshwater organisms. The majority of indigenous isolates grew on tyre material (or leachate) suggesting that they play an active role in the ecology of these sites and that their potential role in tyre degradation should be explored. Significance and Impact of the study: This study provides information on bacterial communities of tyre‐waste disposal sites, explores the interaction between tyre material and bacteria and identifies bacteria that could be involved in or employed for recycling tyre‐waste.

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Microbial Degradation of Natural Rubber Vulcanizates

Cited by 132 publications

References 17 publications

A Gram-negative bacterium, identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa AL98, is a potent degrader of natural rubber and synthetic cis-1,4-polyisoprene

A Gram-negative bacterium, identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa AL98, is a potent degrader of natural rubber and synthetic cis-1,4-polyisoprene

Development of a homologous expression system for rubber oxygenase RoxA from Xanthomonas sp.

Bacterial communities of tyre monofill sites: growth on tyre shreds and leachate

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