Microbial modulation of the gut microbiome for treating autoimmune diseases

Abstract

Many studies have shown the relationship between autoimmune diseases and the gut microbiome in humans: those with autoimmune conditions display gut microbiome dysbiosis. The big question that needs to be addressed is if restoring eubiosis of the gut microbiota can help suppress the autoimmune condition by activating various immune regulatory mechanisms. Inducing these self-healing mechanisms should prolong good health in affected individuals. Area covered: Here, we review the available clinical and preclinical studies that have used selective bacteria for modulating gut microbiota for treating autoimmune diseases. The potential bacterial candidates and their mechanism of action in treating autoimmune diseases will be discussed. We searched for genetically modified and potential probiotics for diseases and discuss the most likely candidates. Expert commentary: To achieve eubiosis, manipulation of the gut microbiota must occur in some form. Several approaches for modulating gut microbiota include prebiotic diets, antimicrobial interventions, fecal microbiota transplants, and selective probiotics. One novel approach showing promising results is the use of selective bacterial candidates to modulate microbial composition. Use of single microbe for treatment has an advantage as compared to multi-species as microbes grow at different rates and if needed, a single microbe is easy to target.

Gut microbiome in rheumatic diseases

“…These and previous studies in spondyloarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis reflect the growing interest of researchers to the role of the gut microbiome in shaping local and systemic immune responses and in pathogenesis of various rheumatic diseases 3. We agree with Deshayes et al that in the future microbiome engineering might be a useful approach to control FMF and other rheumatic diseases, for example, via correction of the altered signalling pathways, production of metabolites with drug-like activities or anti-inflammatory molecules 4. The utility of this strategy will probably depend on the specific role of the microbiome in the complex interplay of genetics, environment and immunity at different stages of a particular disease.…”

Construction and expression of recombinant uricase‑expressing genetically engineered bacteria and its application in rat model of hyperuricemia

“…An increasing number of studies investigating probiotics have been performed in recent years. Lactobacillus is one of the probiotics present in the human intestine, which can improve intestinal microenvironment, regulate immunity and promote nutrient absorption (56)(57)(58)(59). Recent studies have demonstrated that probiotics also have a role in regulating abnormal brain activity (60,61).…”

Correlations between Microbiota Bioactivity and Bioavailability of Functional Compounds: A Mini-Review

“…According to this study, the interaction of vital functions with the microbial pattern is the cause that leads to the appearance of pathologies that have no clear resolution in the medical field [48]. New types of drugs/supplements, with a clear direction toward pharmaceutical probiotics and prebiotic formulas, are seen as the solution to the physiological impairments that have arisen due to dysbiosis [62]. Increasing the number of strains is an alternative to the well known probiotics based on the species of the genera Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and/or Streptococcus [48], although only the introduction of new strains cannot guarantee microbiota modulation over a period of time.…”