Microbiological quality of some street foods in N'Djamena, Chad: case of sandwiches

Abstract

Consumption of street food is growing rapidly in developing countries. Consequently, health problems associated with consumption of street foods exist everywhere and Chad is not an exception, but up to this day, there is limited scientific data on the microbiological quality and safety of foods sold in the street in various regions of the country. The aim of this study is to determine the microbiological quality of some street foods in N'Djamena, Chad: case of sandwiches. A total of 42 samples of sandwiches were collected. These samples were analyzed according to the standard methods of food microbiology. The analysis identified the different germs with respective compliance rates of 14.29% for thermotolerant coliforms, 54.76% for Coagulasepositive staphylococci, 47.62% for Escherichia coli and 19.05% for total mesophilic aerobic flora. The Salmonella compliance rate is 100%. Also yeasts and molds were counted in some samples with an average of 0.80x10 6 CFU/g. There is a significant correlation between MAF and Coagulase-positive staphylococci (p<0.05). The presence of these germs in general and mainly pathogens in sandwiches consumed in N'Djamena, Chad, represent a real public health problem which competent authorities should not neglect.

Characterization of virulence factors of Salmonella isolated from human stools and street food in urban areas of Burkina Faso

“…Hassanin et al [ 37 ] isolated Salmonella in 31.1% of shawarmas samples in Egypt, while Abd-El-Malek et al [ 38 ] isolated 7% in kibdas. In Chad, Djibrine et al [ 39 ] did not isolate any Salmonella from beef minced sandwiches vended in streets. These variation rates might be linked to the diversity of cooking process in these different countries.…”

Contamination of street food with multidrug-resistant Salmonella, in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

“…from 31% of “shawarma-type” (kebab) sandwiches analysed, whereas Abd-El-Malek [ 29 ] isolated Salmonella from 7% of kibda-type sandwiches sampled. On the contrary, Djibrine et al [ 30 ] isolated no Salmonella spp. from minced beef sandwich samples in Chad.…”

Validation of an UV-Visible spectrophotometry assay method for the determination of chlorpheniramine maleate tablets without prior extraction

“…Their consequences in terms of public health explain that a number of countries, encouraged by the WHO, have set up national laboratories for quality control of medicines. Unfortunately, due to lack of resources, the latter could not check the quality of all pharmaceutical products circulating in the countries (WHO, 2017;Djibrine et al, 2018;Diabaté et al, 2018;Ihaku et al, 2019). In the treatment of allergy, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, also known as Chlorphenamine Maleate is considered by the World Health Organization (list updated in April 2013) as an essential drug thanks to its effectiveness and lower cost and, is distributed worldwide as a generic compound (Hall and Hall, 2014;Djambeu, 2015).…”