Consumption of street food is growing rapidly in developing countries. Consequently, health problems associated with consumption of street foods exist everywhere and Chad is not an exception, but up to this day, there is limited scientific data on the microbiological quality and safety of foods sold in the street in various regions of the country. The aim of this study is to determine the microbiological quality of some street foods in N'Djamena, Chad: case of sandwiches. A total of 42 samples of sandwiches were collected. These samples were analyzed according to the standard methods of food microbiology. The analysis identified the different germs with respective compliance rates of 14.29% for thermotolerant coliforms, 54.76% for Coagulasepositive staphylococci, 47.62% for Escherichia coli and 19.05% for total mesophilic aerobic flora. The Salmonella compliance rate is 100%. Also yeasts and molds were counted in some samples with an average of 0.80x10 6 CFU/g. There is a significant correlation between MAF and Coagulase-positive staphylococci (p<0.05). The presence of these germs in general and mainly pathogens in sandwiches consumed in N'Djamena, Chad, represent a real public health problem which competent authorities should not neglect.

In order to assess the prevalence of Salmonella contaminations in the city of Garoua, this study investigated the research and serotyping of Salmonella strains within the traditional chicken industry at the poultry slaughterhouse of the central market of Garoua in Bénoué, Northern Region of Cameroon. Still very present throughout Cameroon, this structure can represent a source of contamination as well as a zoonotic hazard. For this purpose, the study was carried out on 400 chicken carcasses and analyses were performed on cloacal swabs, by bacteriological culture and confirmed by biochemical analyses and PCR to detect the invA gene specific to Salmonella sp. Thus, 05 strains of Salmonella were isolated, a contamination prevalence of 1.3% observed. Serotyping of the isolates resulted in the identification of five different serovars, including Hadar, Idikan, Mbandaka, Infantis and Anatum (n=1, 20% each). These serotypes developed resistance to tetracycline, amikacin, nalidixic acid, Kanamycin and cephalothin. Antibiotics available on the market at low cost and used without precise diagnosis and in insufficient or overdosed doses in the veterinary environment, both in food and for the treatment of bacterial infections. This study has an important impact because it showed for the first time the presence of Salmonella in the traditional chicken industry in the Northern Region of Cameroon. The project also highlighted the role that this type of structure can have in the maintenance and circulation of pathogens within animal and human populations. Indeed, in view of the weak biosecurity measures applied, family farming systems represent an important risk factor for the spread of Salmonella in both animals and humans, and could be resistant to certain antibiotics.

Background: Urinary Tract infections and pus are major public health problems. The evolution of bacterial resistance to antibiotics makes the treatment of these infections problematic. This is why this study is undertaken to identify and evaluate the resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to antibiotics.