Microcellular injection molding of <i>in situ</i> modified poly(ethylene terephthalate) with supercritical nitrogen

Xi, Zhenhao; Zhang, Fanglin; Zhong, Hua; Liu, Tao; Zhao, Ling; Turng, Lih‐Sheng

doi:10.1002/pen.23824

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Therefore, understanding the crystallization process of MuCell ® parts is crucial to improve the performance of final products. Usually, the crystallisation process is experimentally investigated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), which is a thermal analysis technique measuring the heat capacity of a sample under a range of temperatures [29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39]. Other techniques such as X-ray [31,40,41], polarized light microscopy [42][43][44] and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy [45] have been also used.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation on the Crystallization Process of Microcellular Injection Moulded Parts and the Influences of Parameters on the Crystallization by Simulation

Ding,

Yang,

Bakker

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Crystallization, as a physical transformation process, plays an important role on the final properties of a plastic part. Similar to other injection moulding processes, injection and cooling conditions in microcellular injection moulding (e.g. MuCell® process) determine the phase change transformation of the material (molten to solid) and consequently, nucleation, crystal growth and crystallinity. The crystallization process of microcellular injection moulded parts has been mainly investigated using laborious and time-consuming experimental characterization techniques, but no studies reported the use of numerical methods to estimate the crystallization process. This paper presents a mathematical model successfully used to simulate the crystallization process of microcellular injection moulded parts. Microcellular injection moulding was simulated using Moldex 3D, and the crystallization process was investigated using the Hoffman nucleation theory for the crystal nucleation rate, the Lauritzen-Hoffman growth theory for the crystal growth rate, and the Avrami model to calculate the relative crystallinity. Numerical simulations allowed to investigate the effect of key processing parameters (melt temperature, mould temperature, flow rate, gas dosage amount and shot volume) on the crystallization process. Moreover, the numerical model was validated considering published experimental data.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation on the Crystallization Process of Microcellular Injection Moulded Parts and the Influences of Parameters on the Crystallization by Simulation

Ding,

Yang,

Bakker

et al. 2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Anhydride group-containing small molecules like pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA), have been used as PET chain extenders frequently. Incarnato et al, [11] Yilmazer et al, [23] Tsenoglou et al, [24] and Xi et al [25] used PMDA as chain extender of PET. Higher complex viscosity (η*) at low frequencies, melt strength enhancement, and pronounced shear-thinning behavior were observed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Introducing four different branch structures in PET by reactive processing––A rheological investigation

Arayesh

Ebrahimi

Khaledi

et al. 2020

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Chain extension/branching by reactive processing is a well‐known method to enhance the rheological properties of polymers. In this study, pyromellitic dianhydride, poly(glycolic acid), triglycidyl isocyanurate, and bisphenol A diglycidyl ether were used as chain extender/branching agents to produce branched Polyethylene terephthalate (PETs) with four different molecular structures. According to the linear rheological characterizations, the storage modulus and complex viscosity of modified PET samples enhanced significantly after branching. The shear viscosities of modified PET show a pronounced shear‐thinning behavior and a remarkable increase at low frequencies, which can be an indication of the existence of long‐chain branches (LCBs) in the molecular structure of polymer and broadening the molecular weight distribution. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis were used to investigate the effect of branching agents on the chemical structure and thermal properties of PET, respectively. DSC results show that higher amounts of LCBs lead to lower melting and crystallization temperatures.

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“…Currently, environmentally benign gases such as supercritical carbon dioxide, CO 2 , and nitrogen, N 2 , are attractive alternatives as physical blowing agents because of their unique properties such as being nonflammable, nontoxic, quick dissolving, and having high self-nucleating characteristics. 9…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymeric foams from recycled thermoplastic poly(ethylene terephthalate)

Cadete

Gomes

Carvalho

et al. 2020

Journal of Cellular Plastics

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With the increase use of plastics, there is currently a concern with the waste of materials, resulting in a series of challenges and opportunities for the waste management sector. In the present work, poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) foam was produced from recycled PET (RPET) from used water bottles. The recycled material was manually prepared and foamed in batches with the assistance of nitrogen gas as the physical blowing agent. RPET was characterized using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). The influence of the pressure on the foam formation was studied and the results obtained showed that this variable influences the final product characteristics. To evaluate the behavior of the foams, their morphology, response to deformation when subject to compression and their thermal conductivities were studied. The morphology analysis showed that operating at higher-pressure results in bigger pore size but also in an increased pore size heterogeneous distribution, and foams that exhibit a higher thermal conductivity.

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Microcellular injection molding of in situ modified poly(ethylene terephthalate) with supercritical nitrogen

Cited by 11 publications

References 26 publications

Investigation on the Crystallization Process of Microcellular Injection Moulded Parts and the Influences of Parameters on the Crystallization by Simulation

Investigation on the Crystallization Process of Microcellular Injection Moulded Parts and the Influences of Parameters on the Crystallization by Simulation

Introducing four different branch structures in PET by reactive processing––A rheological investigation

Polymeric foams from recycled thermoplastic poly(ethylene terephthalate)

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