Microfluidic paper-based analytical device (µPAD) fabricated by wax screen printing technique for the determination of nitrite and nitrate ion in water samples

Tesfaye, Tilaye; Hussen, Ahmed

doi:10.1007/s10404-022-02520-8

Cited by 17 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…This clearly demonstrates that the hydrophobic wax penetrates throughout the thickness of the filter paper and able to effectively guide the flow of the aqueous solution within the hydrophilic region. Similar result (contact angle of 129 o ) has been reported in a recent work by Tesfaye and Hussen [36].…”

Section: Characterization Of Printed Microfluidic Channels In the Pap...supporting

confidence: 91%

“…A wax screen-printing method reported by Tesfaye and Hussen [36] has been used with some modifications, such as using ecofriendly A4 paper instead of plastic films. The fabrication process can be categorized into three phases: i) printing the design of interest on A4 paper ii) transferring the pattern to the mesh and iii) fabricating the µ-PAD.…”

Section: Device Design and Fabricationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Wax screen-based fabrication of paper devices for the determination of iron in particulates of selected welding fumes in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Wendimu,

Hussen,

Mohan B.

2024

Bull. Chem. Soc. Eth.

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In this study a paper-based analytical device was developed using screen printing technique for the determination of particulate iron from welding fumes. The operational parameters such as volume and concentration of 1,10-phenanthroline, volume and concentration of hydroxylamine were optimized by the Box Behnken Design (BBD) using Minitab. Additionally, the µ-PAD's sample solution holding capacity and reaction time were also optimized. Under the optimized condition, particulate metal concentrations were colorimetrically quantified usinga handheld mobile phone and image processing software, ImageJ. Very good analytical performance such as good linearity of the calibration curve and better selectivity was observed by the developed method. The limit of detection for Fe3+ assay was 4.6 mg/L; which is adequate to determine the threshold concentration limit of particulate iron set by the regulatory bodies (6 mg/L). The µ-PAD revealed 95-99% recovery compared with the UV-Vis spectrophotometry (98-100%). Furthermore, welding fume samples were collected in Addis Ababa over five days, using mixed cellulose ester filters and the findings show a high concentration that exceeds the standard levels. Analyzing particulate iron with µ-PADs yielded results consistent with UV-Vis spectrophotometry, suggesting µ-PADs' potential application for occupational particulate iron exposure measurement, eliminating the need for expensive analytical devices. KEY WORDS: µ-PADs, Particulate iron, Response surface methodology, Wax screen-printing, Welding fume, Colorimetric detection Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2024, 38(3), 563-576. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i3.2

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Section: Characterization Of Printed Microfluidic Channels In the Pap...supporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Device Design and Fabricationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wax screen-based fabrication of paper devices for the determination of iron in particulates of selected welding fumes in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Wendimu,

Hussen,

Mohan B.

2024

Bull. Chem. Soc. Eth.

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“…Moreover, wax screen printing is a technology that combines the advantages of wax printing and screen printing, offering a simple 2-step process at much lower costs than traditional wax printing technology (Morbioli et al, 2019). Wax printing has been widely used for creating channel walls in paper-based devices (Liu et al, 2015;Kamnoet et al, 2021), however, there are still some limitations for this technology such as the difficulty to create smaller size channels (Gale et al, 2018;Lin et al, 2022;Tesfaye and Hussen, 2022). The solvents may also soak into the wax and paper boundaries, thus compromising the functionality of the device (Szabo and Hess-Dunning, 2021;Chen et al, 2022a;Ruiz et al, 2022;Tran et al, 2022).…”

Section: Fabrication Methods For Porous Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-cost microfluidics: Towards affordable environmental monitoring and assessment

Mesquita

Gong

Lin

2022

Front. Lab. Chip. Technol.

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Effective environmental monitoring has become a worldwide concern, requiring the development of novel tools to deal with pollution risks and manage natural resources. However, a majority of current assessment methods are still costly and labor-intensive. Thanks to the rapid advancements in microfluidic technology over the past few decades, great efforts have been made to develop miniaturized tools for rapid and efficient environmental monitoring. Compared to traditional large-scale devices, microfluidic approaches provide several advantages such as low sample and energy consumption, shortened analysis time and adaptabilities to onsite applications. More importantly, it provides a low-cost solution for onsite environmental assessment leveraging the ubiquitous materials such as paper and plastics, and cost-effective fabrication methods such as inkjet printing and drawing. At present, devices that are disposable, reproducible, and capable of mass production have been developed and manufactured for a wide spectrum of applications related to environmental monitoring. This review summarizes the recent advances of low-cost microfluidics in the field of environmental monitoring. Initially, common low-cost materials and fabrication technologies are introduced, providing a perspective on the currently available low-cost microfluidic manufacturing techniques. The latest applications towards effective environmental monitoring and assessment in water quality, air quality, soil nutrients, microorganisms, and other applications are then reviewed. Finally, current challenges on materials and fabrication technologies and research opportunities are discussed to inspire future innovations.

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“…Typically, wax-based microfluidics is complementary to that of a paper substrate, creating what are known as microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (µPADs) [18][19][20]. While these devices are typically substandard in terms of resolution and channel smoothness compared to those created using techniques like photolithography, they are significantly cheaper and use non-toxic reagents [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pysanky to Microfluidics: An Innovative Wax-Based Approach to Low Cost, Rapid Prototyping of Microfluidic Devices

Schneider,

Christie,

Eadie

et al. 2024

Micromachines

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A wax-based contact printing method to create microfluidic devices is demonstrated. This printing technology demonstrates a new pathway to rapid, cost-effective device prototyping, eliminating the use of expensive micromachining equipment and chemicals. Derived from the traditional Ukrainian Easter egg painting technique called “pysanky” a series of microfluidic devices were created. Pysanky is the use of a heated wax stylus, known as a “kistka”, to create micro-sized, intricate designs on the surface of an egg. The proposed technique involves the modification of an x-y-z actuation translation system with a wax extruder tip in junction with Polydimethysiloxane (PDMS) device fabrication techniques. Initial system optimization was performed considering design parameters such as extruder tip size, contact angle, write speed, substrate temperature, and wax temperature. Channels created ranged from 160 to 900 μm wide and 10 to 150 μm high based upon system operating parameters set by the user. To prove the capabilities of this technology, a series of microfluidic mixers were created via the wax technique as well as through traditional photolithography: a spiral mixer, a rainbow mixer, and a linear serial dilutor. A thermo-fluidic computational fluid dynamic (CFD) model was generated as a means of enabling rational tuning, critical to the optimization of systems in both normal and extreme conditions. A comparison between the computational and experimental models yielded a wax height of 57.98 μm and 57.30 μm, respectively, and cross-sectional areas of 11,568 μm2 and 12,951 μm2, respectively, resulting in an error of 1.18% between the heights and 10.76% between the cross-sectional areas. The device’s performance was then compared using both qualitative and quantitative measures, considering factors such as device performance, channel uniformity, repeatability, and resolution.

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Microfluidic paper-based analytical device (µPAD) fabricated by wax screen printing technique for the determination of nitrite and nitrate ion in water samples

Cited by 17 publications

References 25 publications

Wax screen-based fabrication of paper devices for the determination of iron in particulates of selected welding fumes in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Wax screen-based fabrication of paper devices for the determination of iron in particulates of selected welding fumes in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Low-cost microfluidics: Towards affordable environmental monitoring and assessment

Pysanky to Microfluidics: An Innovative Wax-Based Approach to Low Cost, Rapid Prototyping of Microfluidic Devices

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