Microfluidics and Raman microscopy: current applications and future challenges

Chrimes, Adam F.; Khoshmanesh, Khashayar; Stoddart, Paul R.; Mitchell, Arnan; Kalantar‐zadeh, Kourosh

doi:10.1039/c3cs35515b

Cited by 187 publications

(169 citation statements)

References 270 publications

(371 reference statements)

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“…Control Raman spectra for the ligand free GPB in buffer solution with three different concentrations, 0.3, 0.9 and 1.3 mM, are shown in Figure 5B. In the figure, the broad band around 3,400 cm -1 corresponds to the solvent 36 , whereas the band at 2,935 cm -1 represents vibrations involving C-H bonds of the protein 33,34 . Figure 5C shows the high wavelength Raman spectrum for D-glucose in buffer solution for different concentrations: 1, 6, 100, 200, and 400 mM.…”

Section: Representative Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Raman spectra obtained for immobilized glucose-free and glucose-bound GBP are shown in Figures 10A and 10B, respectively. All these spectra exhibit a broad band at approximately 3,300 cm -1 , which corresponds to the buffer solution 36 . The spectra obtained with an unstructured Ag pad contain only this single band and do not show any protein vibration modes, confirming that immobilized protein is not found on the Ag surface as expected.…”

Section: Representative Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The relation with molecular vibrations allows selectively identifying "fingerprints" of specific analytes from SERS spectra, whereas the extremely high sensitivity makes it possible detecting very small amounts of the analyte 9,10,11,36 . Furthermore, SERS is a nondestructive technique that is also relatively insensitive to water, and thereby it is very well suited for probing biological materials in their natural aqueous environment 9 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Detection of Biomolecules Using EBL Fabricated Nanostructured Substrates

Peters

Gutierrez-Rivera

Dew

et al. 2015

JoVE

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Fabrication and characterization of conjugate nano-biological systems interfacing metallic nanostructures on solid supports with immobilized biomolecules is reported. The entire sequence of relevant experimental steps is described, involving the fabrication of nanostructured substrates using electron beam lithography, immobilization of biomolecules on the substrates, and their characterization utilizing surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). Three different designs of nano-biological systems are employed, including protein A, glucose binding protein, and a dopamine binding DNA aptamer. In the latter two cases, the binding of respective ligands, D-glucose and dopamine, is also included. The three kinds of biomolecules are immobilized on nanostructured substrates by different methods, and the results of SERS imaging are reported. The capabilities of SERS to detect vibrational modes from surface-immobilized proteins, as well as to capture the protein-ligand and aptamer-ligand binding are demonstrated. The results also illustrate the influence of the surface nanostructure geometry, biomolecules immobilization strategy, Raman activity of the molecules and presence or absence of the ligand binding on the SERS spectra acquired.

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Section: Representative Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Representative Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Detection of Biomolecules Using EBL Fabricated Nanostructured Substrates

Peters

Gutierrez-Rivera

Dew

et al. 2015

JoVE

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show abstract

“…1 It is presently used as both a spectroscopic [2][3][4] and microscopic [5][6] tool. Moreover, techniques such as surfaceenhanced Raman scattering [7][8][9][10][11][12] are becoming increasingly prominent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the emergence of Raman signals characterizing multicenter nanoscale interactions

Williams

Andrews

2016

Nanophotonics VI

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Raman scattering is most commonly associated with a change in vibrational state within one molecule, with signals in the corresponding spectrum widely used to identify material structures. When the corresponding theory is developed using quantum electrodynamics, the fundamental scattering process is described by a single photon of one radiation mode being annihilated with the concurrent creation of another photon; the two photon energies differ by an amount corresponding to the transfer of vibrational energy within the system. Here, we consider nanoscale interactions between neighboring molecules to mediate the process, by way of a virtual photon exchange to connect the evolution of the two molecular states. We consider both a single and pair of virtual photon exchanges. Our analysis deploys two realistic assumptions: in each pairwise interaction the two components are considered to be (i) chemically different and (ii) held in a fixed orientation with respect to each other, displaced by an amount equivalent to the near-field region; resulting in higher order dependences on displacement R becoming increasingly significant, and at the limit the short-range R -6 term can even dominate over R -3 dependence. In our investigation one center undergoes a change in vibrational energy; each neighboring molecule returns to the electronic and vibrational state in which it began. For the purposes of providing results, a Stokes transition has been assumed; analogous principles hold for the anti-Stokes counterpart. Experimentally, there is no change to the dependence on the intensity of laser light. However, the various mechanisms presented herein lead to different selection rules applying in each instance. In some cases specifically identifiable mechanisms will be active for a given transition, leading to new and characteristic lines in the Raman spectrum. A thorough investigation of all physically achievable mechanisms will be detailed in this work.

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“…Raman scattering involving individual optical centers is a well-established molecular process used as a spectroscopic [1][2][3] and microscopic tool 4,5 with an ever-increasing range of applications, including surface-enhanced spectroscopy, [6][7][8][9][10][11] sensing, [12][13][14] the detection of environmental pollutants, 15,16 and identification of disease. 17 The theoretical basis for the underlying phenomenon is well-known and established with quantum electrodynamical techniques offering a particularly insightful means of formulation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Raman scattering mediated by neighboring molecules

Williams

Andrews

2016

The Journal of Chemical Physics

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Raman scattering is most commonly associated with a change in vibrational state within individual molecules, the corresponding frequency shift in the scattered light affording a key way of identifying material structures. In theories where both matter and light are treated quantum mechanically, the fundamental scattering process is represented as the concurrent annihilation of a photon from one radiation mode and creation of another in a different mode. Developing this quantum electrodynamical formulation, the focus of the present work is on the spectroscopic consequences of electrodynamic coupling between neighboring molecules or other kinds of optical center. To encompass these nanoscale interactions, through which the molecular states evolve under the dual influence of the input light and local fields, this work identifies and determines two major mechanisms for each of which different selection rules apply. The constituent optical centers are considered to be chemically different and held in a fixed orientation with respect to each other, either as two components of a larger molecule or a molecular assembly that can undergo free rotation in a fluid medium or as parts of a larger, solid material. The two centers are considered to be separated beyond wavefunction overlap but close enough together to fall within an optical near-field limit, which leads to high inverse power dependences on their local separation. In this investigation, individual centers undergo a Stokes transition, whilst each neighbor of a different species remains in its original electronic and vibrational state. Analogous principles are applicable for the anti-Stokes case. The analysis concludes by considering the experimental consequences of applying this spectroscopic interpretation to fluid media; explicitly, the selection rules and the impact of pressure on the radiant intensity of this process

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Microfluidics and Raman microscopy: current applications and future challenges

Cited by 187 publications

References 270 publications

Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Detection of Biomolecules Using EBL Fabricated Nanostructured Substrates

Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Detection of Biomolecules Using EBL Fabricated Nanostructured Substrates

On the emergence of Raman signals characterizing multicenter nanoscale interactions

Raman scattering mediated by neighboring molecules

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