2020
DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12022
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Microglial derived extracellular vesicles activate autophagy and mediate multi‐target signaling to maintain cellular homeostasis

Abstract: Microglia, the immunocompetent cells of the central nervous system (CNS), play an important role in maintaining cellular homeostasis in the CNS. These cells secrete immunomodulatory factors including nanovesicles and participate in the removal of cellular debris by phagocytosis or autophagy. Accumulating evidence indicates that specifically the cellular exchange of small extracellular vesicles (EVs), participates in physiology and disease through intercellular communication. However, the contribution of microg… Show more

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Cited by 39 publications
(24 citation statements)
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“…We demonstrate that both EV subsets can be internalized by the C20 recipient microglial cell lines or primary mixed neural culture cells, validating that engineered EVs from oligodendroglia origins can be internalized into different cell types. Additionally, we show that EV uptake is not overtly changed under inflammatory conditions [ 41 ]. Furthermore, elucidating the biological functions of the engineered EVs-mediated cell-to-cell communication is a prerequisite for understanding how signaling processes could influence cellular inflammatory responses [ 42 ].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…We demonstrate that both EV subsets can be internalized by the C20 recipient microglial cell lines or primary mixed neural culture cells, validating that engineered EVs from oligodendroglia origins can be internalized into different cell types. Additionally, we show that EV uptake is not overtly changed under inflammatory conditions [ 41 ]. Furthermore, elucidating the biological functions of the engineered EVs-mediated cell-to-cell communication is a prerequisite for understanding how signaling processes could influence cellular inflammatory responses [ 42 ].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Microglia release EVs when their purinergic receptors (P2X7) come into contact with high levels of ATP released from astrocytes ( Bianco et al, 2005 ) ( Figure 5 ). These EVs have been shown to be released from human primary astrocytes under normal conditions and with IL1β treatment ( You et al, 2020 ) and from microglia TNFα or non-activated microglia ( van den Broek et al, 2020 ). When a neuronal injury occurs, astrocytes and microglia communicate to release microglial EVs containing IL1β in order to survey the parenchyma and to start an inflammatory response if needed to respond to pathogens ( Budnik et al, 2016 ).…”
Section: Microglia and Astrocyte Communicationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Significant research has already been conducted investigating the role of native glial cell-derived EVs in the CNS microenvironment. Recently, part of the multifaceted role of microglia in the brain and specifically in AD pathology was attributed to microglial EVs and their role in multitarget signaling (Van den Broek et al, 2020). Because glial cellderived EVs naturally interact with many of the cell types of interest in the brain, they represent promising candidates for targeting the underlying mechanisms of AD pathology.…”
Section: Bioengineered Evs As Ad Therapeuticsmentioning
confidence: 99%