Micromorphological peculiarities of the Pleistocene soils in the Middle Pobuzhzhya (Ukraine) and their significance for paleogeographic reconstructions

Abstract

The basic micromorphological features of fossil Pleistocene soils of the Middle Pobuzhzhya region are revealed. The early Neopleistocene (Shyrokyne, Martonosha, Lubny) and Middle Pleistocene Zavadivka soils are characterized by bright brownish, reddish and brownish colors of plasma, compact composing structural separations in the form of cleave blocks with densely packed nodular formations of ferruginous matter, cracksman ship of the mass, a significantamount of ferruginous, manganese and carbonate new formations. In the soils of the early optimum of the Kaydaky stage, signs of the eluvial-illuvial processes were observed (impoverished on the thin clays and humus fields with the «washed» grains of the mineral skeleton, the destroyed microaggregates in the eluvial and the impregnation of the plasma by calomorphic clays in the form of streaks, films, streams in the illuvial horizons). In the Pryluky soils there is a well-expressed microagregation of the mass, a branched net of twisted pores, humus coagulation in the humus and humus transition horizons, various forms of carbonate new formations as the impregnation and plasma cementation by microcrystalline calcite, presence of isolated crystals of crypto-, micro- and small crystalline calcite. The specific individual features of the Vytachiv soils are cleave block microstructure, the presence of the nodular concentric organo-iron-clay formations, and microorsteins. Dofinivka soils are characterized by a loose microstructure, fuzzy rounded microaggregates, a developed system of twisted pores, and enrichment of mass on carbonates. In order to clarify the genetic types of fossil Pleistocene soils of the Middle Pobuzhzhya, identification of the signs of elementary soil formation processes was carried out on the basis of micromorphological analysis data. The significance of the results of micromorphological researches for paleogeographical reconstruction is outlined. It has been established that certain groups of soil formation processes are characteristic for fossil soils of separate paleogeographical stages. In the soils formed up to the Dnieper glaciation (Shyrokyne, Martonosha, Lubny and Zavadivka), signs of processes of claying, rubbification, ferralization, cleaving were displayed, but weakly expressed humus formation, thoughcarbonization were diagnosed. In the soils formed after the maximum glaciation (Kaydaky, Pryluky, Vytachiv, Dofinivka), signs of the such processes as humus formation, podzolization, lessive, leaching, damp-meadow soil formation on floodplain, migration of carbonates, etc., are established. It is processes which are predominating in the modern soils of the territory of Ukraine. Assertaintment of elementary soil-forming processes, diagnosed in multi-annual fossil soils, have made it possible to identify their genetic types and as a result, to reconstruct the soil cover in separate stages of the Neopleistocene, to establish regional patterns of evolutional stadial changes and the natural environment in the Pleistocene on the territory of the Middle Pobuzhzhya.

Significance of the Ukrainian loess-palaeosol sequences for Pleistocene climate reconstructions: rock magnetic, palaeosol and pollen proxies

“…1). Their pedostratigraphy and palaeoenvironmetal proxies (palaeosols and pollen) have been studied by Ukrainian scientists since the 1920s [Krokos, 1926;Veklitch et al, 1967Veklitch et al, , 1979Veklitch et al, , 1984Veklitch et al, , 1993Veklitch, 1968Veklitch, , 1982Sirenko, Turlo, 1986;Gozhik et al, 1995Gozhik et al, , 2000Gozhik et al, , 2001Gozhik et al, , 2007Gozhik, Gerasimenko, 2011;Gozhik, 2012;Bogucki, 1986;Boguckyj, Łanczont, 2002;Boguckyj et al, 2009;Bogucki et al, 2013Bogucki et al, , 2014Matviishina et al, 2001;Matviishyna et al, 2010;Matviishyna, Doroshkevych, 2019;Gerasimenko, 2001Gerasimenko, , 2004Gerasimenko, , 2006Gerasimenko, , 2020Gerasimenko, Matvijishyna, 2007;Sirenko, 2017aSirenko, ,b, 2019aDo-roshkevych, 2018;Karmazinenko, 2019;Veklych, 2019;Bonchkovskyi, 2019, 2020a,b andmany others]. The significant input has been also made by researchers from other European countries [Velichko, 1997;Bolikhovskaya, Molodkov, 2006;Rousseau et al, 2001…”

. Morphological Characteristics Soils of the Beligative Structures of the Kamianets-Podilskyi Kamianets-Podilskyi State Historical Reserve Museum

“…Кармазиненка [7], С. П. Дорошкевича, Ж.М. Матвіїшиної [16], С. П. Доршкевича [5,6,16], та інших вчених у яких доволі детально розглядаються питання діагностики елементарних ґрунтоутворюючих процесів за даними мікроморфлогічного аналізу.…”

The Soils of Early Farmers and Their Neighbors in the Southern Buh Catchment (Ukraine): Micromorphology and Archaeological Context

“…Thus, the first agriculturalists in this region could rely on other types of soil, especially in the early phases of their arrival in a certain region [7,8]. The sedimentary conditions of southern Ukraine, where high rates of accumulation sometimes enable partial preservation of past Holocene soils under modern-day soils [9], permit us to estimate directly the type of soils used by early farmers.…”