Micropropagation of Cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum Maton)

Reghunath, B. R.; Bajaj, Y. P. S.

doi:10.1007/978-3-662-07770-2_11

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Cardamom capsules contain around 15 to 20 aromatic seeds embedded in mucilage and enclosed in a semi-hard fleshy green to yellow pericarp. After drying, the pericarp becomes fibrous, and the mucilage disappears [ 36 ]. Dried cardamom seeds have a hard seed coat composed mainly of three polysaccharides (cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin) which play a protective cover role for seeds [ 37 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Microscopic studies reveal that the main parts of cardamom seeds from the outside to the inside are (a) a thin transparent arillus, (b) an epidermis, (c) an oil cell layer, (d) a sclerenchymatous layer, (e) a perisperm, (f) an endosperm, and (g) an embryo [ 38 , 39 ]. The oil cell layer is composed of large rectangular cells filled with globules of volatile oil [ 36 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antioxidant Activity and GC-MS Profile of Cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum) Essential Oil Obtained by a Combined Extraction Method—Instant Controlled Pressure Drop Technology Coupled with Sonication

et al. 2023

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Cardamom Essential oils are highly demanded because of their antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities. Nonetheless, retrieving quality extracts quickly with efficient energy savings has been challenging. Therefore, green technologies are emerging as possible alternatives. Thus, this study evaluates the yield and quality of the instant controlled pressure drop (DIC) process coupled with ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of cardamom essential oil (CEO). Likewise, the antioxidant activity, chemical profile of CEO, and microstructure of seeds were analyzed. This study analyzed 13 different treatments with varying saturated steam processing temperatures (SSPT), thermal processing times (TPT), and 1 control. The results showed that CEO yield increased significantly by DIC (140 °C and 30 s) and UAE compared to the control (22.53% vs. 15.6%). DIC 2 (165 °C, 30 s) showed the highest DPPH inhibition (79.48%) and the best Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) by the control with 0.60 uMTE/g. The GC/MS analysis showed 28 volatile constituents, withα-Terpinyl acetate, geranyl oleate, and oleic acid being the most abundant. DIC (140 °C and 30 s) and UAE showed the best yield and chemical profile. The SEM microscopy of untreated seeds revealed collapsed structures before the oil cell layer, which reduced the extraction yield, contrary to DIC-treated seeds, with more porous structures. Therefore, combining innovative extraction methods could solve the drawbacks of traditional extraction methods.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antioxidant Activity and GC-MS Profile of Cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum) Essential Oil Obtained by a Combined Extraction Method—Instant Controlled Pressure Drop Technology Coupled with Sonication

et al. 2023

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“…In vitro--derived plants frequently have increased vigor compared to seedling-derived plants when appraised in field studies (Reghunath and Bajaj 1992;Robert et al 1992;Salvi et al 2002). Correspondingly for S. marilandica, after 8 mo in the field, in vitro-derived plants were more vigorous, as measured by the number and height of stems and leaf number compared to the seedling-derived plants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Micropropagation of Spigelia marilandica L.

Kitto

2015

In Vitro Cell.Dev.Biol.-Plant

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Commercial micropropagation of Spigelia marilandica (Loganiaceae) requires the development of proliferation and rooting protocols for in vitro-generated microcuttings. Seedling microshoot explants formed the most axillary shoots when cultured on half-strength Murashige and Skoog basal medium supplemented with 11 or 22 μM benzyladenine. Monthly serial subculture of shoot cultures for 6 mo had no impact on the mean total number of axillary shoots formed. Microshoot explants with shoot tips formed more axillary shoots compared to single nodes, and microshoot explants with basal nodes formed more axillary shoots compared to microshoot explants without basal nodes. Microcuttings were rooted ex vitro. Microcuttings, 1-2 versus 2-5 cm in length, rooted equally well whether placed in RediEarth, sand, or vermiculite. After potting, plants from short and long microcuttings grew equally well based on leaf number and stem height; however, plants grown in the sun had more leaves and were taller than plants under 50% shade (6 versus 3.1 cm in height, respectively). Microcuttings dipped in indolebutyric acid, 500 or 1000 ppm, had more roots with longer mean total root lengths compared to control microcuttings. Microcuttings grown under mist for 4 wk survived better than those under mist for 6 wk. Neither microcutting age (6, 8, 12, 16, or >20 wk post-subculture) nor cold storage (8, 12, or 16 wk post-subculture; 6°C for 7 wk) affected the percent of shoots with roots (100%), mean root number, or mean total root length. Field-grown in vitroderived plants (60% survival) had more stems and more leaves compared to field-grown seedlings of comparable age (90% survival). Micropropagation of S. marilandica on a commercial scale has practicality based on the ease with which microshoot explants formed axillary shoots in vitro and microcuttings rooted ex vitro.

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“…These researchers could get the plantlets rooted. Other reports include those of Priyadarshan and Zachariah (1986), Vatsya et al (1987), Priyadarshan et al (1988), Reghunath (1989), Reghunath and Gopalakrishnan (1991), Nirmal Babu et al (1997b), and Pradip Kumar et al (1997). Lukose et al (1993) used MS medium containing 20% coconut water, 0.5 mg liter 1 NAA, 0.2 mg liter 1 IBA, 1.0 mg liter 1 6-benzyladenine, and 0.2 mg liter 1 kinetin.…”

Section: Mutation Breedingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Agronomy and Economy of Cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum M.): The “Queen of Spices”

Nair¹

2011

Agronomy and Economy of Black Pepper and Cardamom

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Micropropagation of Cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum Maton)

Cited by 8 publications

References 6 publications

Antioxidant Activity and GC-MS Profile of Cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum) Essential Oil Obtained by a Combined Extraction Method—Instant Controlled Pressure Drop Technology Coupled with Sonication

Antioxidant Activity and GC-MS Profile of Cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum) Essential Oil Obtained by a Combined Extraction Method—Instant Controlled Pressure Drop Technology Coupled with Sonication

Micropropagation of Spigelia marilandica L.

The Agronomy and Economy of Cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum M.): The “Queen of Spices”

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