Microsatellite analysis of genotype distribution patterns of Candida albicans vulvovaginal candidiasis in Nanjing, China and its association with pregnancy, age and clinical presentation

Abstract

The results indicated a unique genotype distribution of C. albicans associated with VVC in Nanjing, eastern China and a different distribution pattern was also detected in pregnant women compared to non-pregnant women.

A New Phenotype in Candida -Epithelial Cell Interaction Distinguishes Colonization- versus Vulvovaginal Candidiasis-Associated Strains

“…Vaginal isolates of C. albicans have been analyzed both genetically and phenotypically in vitro by many groups, although no clades have been linked to symptomatic VVC in multiple locations. These studies, together with the current report, indicate that C. albicans VVC isolates come from all clades and express heterogeneity with respect to biofilm production, macrophage interactions, and hyphal induction under different conditions ( 19 , 26 , 28 – 32 ). However, none of these phenotypes has been specifically linked to VVC strains versus colonizing strains in human disease.…”

“…Studies in murine models suggest that there are strain-specific differences in the ability of clinical C. albicans isolates to cause disseminated disease ( 20 ), intestinal tract colonization ( 21 – 23 ), oropharyngeal thrush ( 24 , 25 ), and vulvovaginal infection ( 26 , 27 ). In addition to variation in VVC virulence, significant heterogeneity in filamentous growth, biofilm formation, candidalysin production, macrophage interaction, and other phenotypes has been described for VVC strains ( 26 , 28 – 32 ). Several C. albicans genes have been implicated in inducing inflammation in murine VVC models, including those controlling in vitro hyphal growth and production of the candidalysin toxin and secretory aspartyl proteinases (SAPs) ( 26 , 33 – 35 ).…”

Evaluation of Microsatellite Typing, ITS Sequencing, AFLP Fingerprinting, MALDI-TOF MS, and Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy Analysis of Candida auris

“…Microsatellite typing is a rapid molecular typing method used for the analysis of genetic variation in and between fungal populations [ 21 , 60 ] and has been broadly used for typing Aspergillus flavus , Aspergillus fumigatus , and Candida species, such as Candida albicans , Candida glabrata , Candida parapsilosis , and Candida tropicalis , as well as to investigate three decades of Cryptococcus neoformans epidemiology in the Netherlands [ 20 , 21 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 ]. In this study, the results obtained by microsatellite typing in which four clusters, MS I-IV, were recognized, had the best concordance with typing studies based on WGS analysis [ 17 , 39 ], gene sequencing [ 18 ], and a previous microsatellite typing study [ 19 ].…”