Microwave measurements of dielectric properties using a gap-coupled multi-mode coaxial resonator

Kapilevich, B.; Litvak, B.

doi:10.1016/j.measurement.2013.10.030

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…7 Ma, et al 8 proposed a microwave sensor for water holding capacity measurement in oil in water flow with high water content, which can predict the water content of pipeline with high precision. Kapilevich, et al 9 proposed a gap coupled resonator for pipeline water content measurement, which measure the crude oil samples with water content of 0%-25%. Zhao, et al 10 used convolutional neural network to predict the water holdup of multiphase flow in the pipeline through the microwave amplitude and phase time series parameters tested by sensors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A horn antenna with circular aperture for pipeline water cut measurement

Zeng

Liu

et al. 2022

Micro & Optical Tech Letters

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A horn antenna with circular aperture is proposed and designed based on the variation of the attenuation amplitude and the attenuation of electromagnetic wave in pipeline in the present paper. The simulation and tests show that the gain of the antenna is 15 dB and the return loss is À12.5 dB. The simulation and experimental results of simulated pipeline water cut test also show that the antenna was used to measure the water content in the range of 0%-100% of the water and oil in the pipeline. The water cut measurement of water and oil is less affected by the mixing type of oil-water mixture in the pipeline, because the main lobe of the antenna is located in the pipeline and the antenna has good directivity. The design of antenna in microwave sensor is useful for the field-testing and fundamental research.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A horn antenna with circular aperture for pipeline water cut measurement

Zeng

Liu

et al. 2022

Micro & Optical Tech Letters

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“…There are multiple applications for online measurement of the dielectric permittivity of fluids inside pipes and tanks. These include monitoring of fermentation processes in the manufacture of food and beverages [1][2][3], monitoring polymerisation reactions [4], and observation of multiphase samples flowing in pipes, e.g., to allow oil to be discerned from water in the petrochemical industry [5][6][7]. This paper describes a measurement technique that uses a coaxial probe that is embedded in a tank or pipe, and not removable for calibration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The technique enables broadband measurements at microwave frequencies on high-loss materials, including polar liquids such as water. Therefore, it is complementary to resonant methods that enable the measurement of the dielectric loss of low loss materials, such as oils [7,8]. The application of the technique for one particular purpose-for monitoring the stability of a phantom liquid (a high-loss liquid that has properties that are similar to those of head tissue) enclosed in a sealed tank-is studied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of a Broadband Tissue-Equivalent Liquid for SAR Measurement and Monitoring of Its Dielectric Properties for Use in a Sealed Phantom

Gregory

Quéléver²,

Allal

et al. 2020

Sensors

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We report on the development of a method for measuring the permittivity and conductivity of fluids inside a sealed tank (or a pipe) by using an embedded coaxial probe. Permittivity and conductivity in the frequency range 600 MHz to 6 GHz are determined from measurements of a complex reflection coefficient by using a vector network analyser (VNA) that is connected to the embedded probe via a coaxial cable. Substitution methods for calibration of an inaccessible probe are studied in this paper. These require the VNA with attached cable to be calibrated prior to connecting the cable to the embedded coaxial probe. Measurement of permittivity and conductivity of fluids inside sealed tanks and pipes is needed for monitoring industrial processes, such as fermentation. The authors’ requirement, however, was to allow monitoring of a tissue-equivalent liquid that is contained inside a sealed tank. This tank is a component of a commercial system for rapid, multiple-band measurement of the specific absorption rate (SAR) of mobile phone handsets. Monitoring of permittivity and conductivity is needed to ensure compliance with international standards for SAR measurement. The paper also presents data for a new broadband (600 MHz to 6 GHz) tissue-equivalent liquid that is based on an oil-in-water emulsion. It is demonstrated that over an extended period of time, the liquid is stable, and an embedded coaxial probe enables its properties to be monitored with the required accuracy.

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“…In 2002, Wang et al [15] designed a CTL sensor, the frequency of the electromagnetic wave is 75 MHz, but the influence of salinity still exists. Meng et al [16,17,18] optimized the CTL sensor and pointed out that the attenuation of the electromagnetic wave signal caused by salinity can be reduced by wrapping an insulating medium on the surface of the inner conductor of the sensor. On this basis, Yu et al [19,20] increased the frequency of the signal appropriately and designed a water holdup detection tool based on CTL.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Conical Spiral Transmission Line Sensor-Array Water Holdup Detection Tool Achieving Full Scale and Low Error Measurement

Yong

Chen³

et al. 2019

Sensors

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To dynamically monitor the horizontal well, we studied the oil–water two-phase water holdup detection method based on transmission lines, and designed a micro-sensor and a sensor-array water holdup detection tool. We modeled the relationship of the dielectric constant of the transmission line filling medium and the amplitude and phase shift of the electromagnetic wave signal on the transmission line by using the time-domain analysis. We proposed a novel method to measure the water holdup of oil–water mixtures based on the phase shift of signals on the conical spiral transmission line. Furthermore, we simulated and optimized the structural parameters by software simulation, and developed a small conical spiral water holdup sensor suitable for arraying. The single sensor with detection circuits can achieve the full scale (water holdup from 0% to 100%) measurement with resolution better than 3%. On this basis, 12 sensors are used to develop a clock-like sensor-array water holdup detection tool, realizing the array detection of the distribution of the cross-section medium in horizontal wells.

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Microwave measurements of dielectric properties using a gap-coupled multi-mode coaxial resonator

Cited by 9 publications

References 13 publications

A horn antenna with circular aperture for pipeline water cut measurement

A horn antenna with circular aperture for pipeline water cut measurement

Validation of a Broadband Tissue-Equivalent Liquid for SAR Measurement and Monitoring of Its Dielectric Properties for Use in a Sealed Phantom

A Novel Conical Spiral Transmission Line Sensor-Array Water Holdup Detection Tool Achieving Full Scale and Low Error Measurement

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