Middle ear influence on otoacoustic emissions. I: Noninvasive investigation of the human transmission apparatus and comparison with model results

Avan, Paul; Büki, Béla; Maat, Bert; Dordain, M; Wit, H. P.

doi:10.1016/s0378-5955(99)00201-4

Cited by 76 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…By applying parametric changes to the middleear impedances, e.g., by manipulating acoustic reflex or static pressure (e.g., ref. 41), it is reasonable to expect that ratios between several impedances can be measured accurately to support differential diagnosis of middle-ear and cochlear pathologies.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distortion product otoacoustic emissions measured as vibration on the eardrum of human subjects

Dalhoff

Ţurcanu

Zenner

et al. 2007

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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It has previously not been possible to measure eardrum vibration of human subjects in the region of auditory threshold. It is proposed that such measurements should provide information about the status of the mechanical amplifier in the cochlea. It is this amplifier that is responsible for our extraordinary hearing sensitivity. Here, we present results from a laser Doppler vibrometer that we designed to noninvasively probe cochlear mechanics near auditory threshold. This device enables picometer-sized vibration measurements of the human eardrum in vivo. With this sensitivity, we found the eardrum frequency response to be linear down to at least a 20-dB sound pressure level (SPL). Nonlinear cochlear amplification was evaluated with the cubic distortion product of the otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) in response to sound stimulation with two tones. DPOAEs originate from mechanical nonlinearity in the cochlea. For stimulus frequencies, f 1 and f2, with f2/f1 ‫؍‬ 1.2 and f 2 ‫؍‬ 4 -9.5 kHz, and intensities L1 and L2, with L1 ‫؍‬ 0.4L2 ؉ 39 dB and L 2 ‫؍‬ 20 -65 dB SPL, the DPOAE displacement amplitudes were no more than 8 pm across subjects (n ‫؍‬ 20), with hearing loss up to 16 dB. DPOAE vibration was nonlinearly dependent on vibration at f 2. The dependence allowed the hearing threshold to be estimated objectively with high accuracy; the standard deviation of the threshold estimate was only 8.6 dB SPL. This device promises to be a powerful tool for differentially characterizing the mechanical condition of the cochlea and middle ear with high accuracy.cochlea ͉ hearing loss ͉ laser interferometer ͉ middle ear

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distortion product otoacoustic emissions measured as vibration on the eardrum of human subjects

Dalhoff

Ţurcanu

Zenner

et al. 2007

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Zwislocki [1963] then Lutman and Martin [1979] and Lutman [1984] built models in which the contribution of the stapes and cochlea resulted from inductance due to mass, capacitance due to compliance and resistance due to damping. These models were recently adapted by Avan et al [2000] to predict the respective contribution of the middle ear components to otoacoustic emissions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multifrequency Immittancemetry in Experimentally Induced Stapes, Round Window and Cochlear Lesions

2006

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Objectives: To establish that admittance (Y) and susceptance (B) conductance (G) tympanograms at 2 kHz can reflect the status of the annular ligament and the cochlear pressure. Methods: Seven experiments were set up in 22 guinea pigs: ventilation of the bulla, blockage of the stapes and round window membrane (RWM), fistula, fluid removal from the cochlea, injection of saline in the scala tympani and acoustic trauma. Resonance frequency, Y, B and G at 2 kHz and curve shapes were analyzed before and after lesions. Results: A supplementary peak was observed in Y/G tympanograms in all RWM fistulas and in some cases of acoustic trauma; injection of saline into the scala tympani induced constant, immediate and reproducible changes; RWM and stapes blockages induced foreseeable peaking at 2 kHz; fluid removal from the cochlea induced multiple peak curves. Conclusion: Experimentally induced modifications at the AL result in noticeable, constant and reproducible changes in tympanogram curves at 2 kHz and seem to reflect inner ear pressure.

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“…The data in Figure 11 (and possibly the outlier in Figure 3B) Figure 11 suggests that even in the anesthetized chinchillas, the muscles can contract enough to produce a factor of 5 to 10 decrease in middle-ear input admittance. The size of the decrease in middle-ear sound transmission produced by muscle contraction is probably larger (Lutman & Martin 1979;Avan et al 2000).…”

Section: 14mentioning

confidence: 96%

Structures that contribute to middle-ear admittance in chinchilla

2006

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We describe measurements of middle-ear input admittance in chinchillas (Chinchilla lanigera) before and after various manipulations that define the contributions of different middle-ear components to function. The chinchilla's middle-ear air spaces have a large effect on the lowfrequency compliance of the middle ear, and removing the influences of these spaces reveals a highly admittant tympanic membrane and ossicular chain. Measurements of the admittance of the air spaces reveal that the high-degree of segmentation of these spaces has only a small effect on the admittance. Draining the cochlea further increases the middle-ear admittance at low frequencies and removes a low-frequency (less than 300 Hz) level dependence in the admittance. Spontaneous or sound-driven contractions of the middle-ear muscles in deeply anesthetized animals were associated with significant changes in middle-ear admittance. KeywordsMiddle-ear structure-function; Comparative Auditory Function INTRODUCTIONChinchillas (Chinchilla lanigera) are nocturnal foragers that lived in communal burrows and are native to the rocky slopes of the high Andes. However, wild chinchillas are endangered, having been over-hunted by humans for food and their fur, and preyed upon by European species introduced into their habitat. Captive chinchillas have been successfully bred in the USA and Russia over the last 80 years. Since the 1950s, chinchillas have become a common animal model in hearing and other research areas (Price 1953;Tibbitts and Hillemann 1959);Peters 1965;Henderson 1969;Lupien and McCay 1960; Bismark and Pfeiffer 1967;Trautwein & Helmboldt 1967;Strike and Seigneur 1969;Dallos 1970;Miller 1970).The high Andes is an open and arid environment and chinchillas show some adaptations that are similar to those seen in other animals adapted to open and arid areas including a few distinctive features of the middle ear:1. large middle-ear air spaces ( total volume ≥ 1.5 cc) that are segmented into multiple sub-cavities (Browning and Granish 1978; Vrettakkos et al. 1988).Corresponding Author: John J Rosowski, Email: John_Rosowski@meei.harvard.edu, Phone: 1 617 657 4237, Fax 1 617 720 4408. 2. large tympanic-membrane (TM) and ossicular dimensions for an animal of its size (Vrettakkos et al. 1988; Rosowski 1991a&b, 1994, and 3. increased mechanical sensitivity to low-frequency (f < 1000 Hz) acoustic stimuli relative to other animals with similar hearing ranges (Ruggero et al. 1990). NIH Public AccessWhen viewed in light of the relatively sensitive low-frequency auditory thresholds in this species (Fay 1988;Miller 1970), the chinchilla middle ear appears specialized for lowfrequency hearing. While preliminary acoustic admittance (Dear 1987) 1 , cochlear potential (Dallos 1970) and ossicular-motion measurements (Ruggero et al. 1990) are all consistent with this view, past studies have not determined which middle-ear structures contribute to the sensitivity to low-frequency sound.There is a history of work on other species specialized for arid climates,...

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Middle ear influence on otoacoustic emissions. I: Noninvasive investigation of the human transmission apparatus and comparison with model results

Cited by 76 publications

References 42 publications

Distortion product otoacoustic emissions measured as vibration on the eardrum of human subjects

Distortion product otoacoustic emissions measured as vibration on the eardrum of human subjects

Multifrequency Immittancemetry in Experimentally Induced Stapes, Round Window and Cochlear Lesions

Structures that contribute to middle-ear admittance in chinchilla

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