Middle-term effects after timber harvesting with heavy machinery on a fine-textured forest soil

Klaes, Björn; Struck, Julian; Schneider, Raimund; Schüler, Gebhard

doi:10.1007/s10342-016-0995-2

Cited by 33 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…We found that BD generally increased after trafficking, which is consistent with previous observations (e.g. Froehlich and McNabb, 1984;Klaes et al, 2016;Naghdi et al, 2016). However, the traffic-induced increase in BD was lower in moist conditions.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…As in many other reported studies, the initial (1-3) passes caused the greatest rutting (e.g. Jakobsen and Greacen, 1985;Klaes et al, 2016;Naghdi et al, 2016;Susnjar et al, 2006). Lüscher et al (2010) classified strip roads in three categories according to the soil damage after trafficking.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

“…Demir et al, 2007;Susnjar et al, 2006), but also increased values have been measured as the result of passing (e.g. Klaes et al, 2016;Eliasson and Wästerlund, 2007). Huang et al (1996) found both effects on hydraulic properties.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Impacts of timber forwarding on physical properties of forest soils in southern Finland

Toivio

Helmisaari

Palviainen

et al. 2017

Forest Ecology and Management

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Forest harvesting activities can cause soil damage and disturbance through soil compaction, rut formation and soil mixing. These affect the soil structure and functions and forest productivity. Soil compaction results for instance in increased bulk density and decreased porosity, affecting soil moisture, water infiltration and aeration. The effects of timber forwarding on soil physical properties have gained little attention in boreal forests. These issues will become more important in the future since harvesting operations on unfrozen soils are getting more common due to the anticipated climate warming. In this study, the changes of forest soil physical properties (bulk density, moisture content and porosity) after 1 to 10 forwarder passes on two fine-grained mineral soil sites in southern Finland were analysed. Penetration resistance and rut formation were also measured. The measurements were performed in three periods with different soil moisture conditions. The test drives were carried out with a conventional 8-wheeled forwarder with total mass of 29.8 tons. Soil bulk density increased and porosity decreased after the machinery passes. However, soil moisture content increased on one site and mainly decreased on another. The first three passes caused the greatest compaction and rutting, the first pass having the strongest impact. After the first and third pass 34-55 % and over 70 % of the total mean rut depth was formed, respectively. Further passes only had slight effects. The compaction and changes of soil physical properties appeared to be greater in dry conditions. Rut formation and soil mixing Highlights-Traffic by heavy machinery has significant impacts on soil properties-First passes cause the strongest impacts-Impacts depend highly on soil characteristics and actual site conditions

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

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Impacts of timber forwarding on physical properties of forest soils in southern Finland

Toivio

Helmisaari

Palviainen

et al. 2017

Forest Ecology and Management

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“…A lot of works give evidence of negative impact of logging machines on soil during the process of timber harvesting (Klaes 2016;Reza et al 2009;Schack-Kirchner et al 2007). The negative impact is expressed in tracking and soil panning, preventing further timber regeneration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of natural-production conditions for timber harvesting in European North of Russia

Shegelman¹,

Будник²,

Baklagin³

et al. 2019

Central European Forestry Journal

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Natural-production conditions determine operational efficiency of logging machines. This influence needs to be taken into account at different levels of forest management. It is necessary to allocate areas with similar natural-production conditions for effective forest management. It allows simplifying the decision making process for selecting logging technology and machines. The purpose of this study was to establish areas with similar natural and production conditions in the European North of Russia (ENR). In addition, for small enterprises, we recommend logging technologies and logging machines that can be used in established areas. We determined the indicators of the natural-production conditions of ENR regions and compared them. Cluster analysis was used to compare the indicators. We found that ENR can be divided into three main zones A, B, C and two subzones B1 and B2 with similar natural-production conditions. In the zones A, B and the subzones B1 and B2, small logging enterprises should use a harvester and a forwarder. In the zone C, the enterprises can use a logging system including a harvester and a forwarder or a logging system including a feller buncher, a skidder and a processor. The logging system should be based on the light class of logging machines for the zone A, the medium class or the heavy class for the zones B, C and the subzones B1, B2, the heavy class of machines for the zone C.

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“…Soil recovery after off‐road traffic is usually slow and disturbances have been found to persist for many decades (Cambi et al, 2015; Ebeling et al, 2016; Klaes et al, 2016; Wei et al, 2016), even when freeze–thaw cycles occur (Corns, 1988). The growth and decay of roots and mycorrhiza promote the recovery process (Bottinelli et al, 2014; Meyer et al, 2014) and are important when no or few earthworms or other soil‐mixing fauna are present in the soil or when early and thick snow cover reduces soil frost.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil Compaction Effects on Root‐Zone Hydrology and Vegetation in Boreal Forest Clearcuts

Hansson

Šimůnek

Ring

et al. 2019

Soil Science Soc of Amer J

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Core Ideas Impact of forwarding on soil water and vegetation was investigated after 4 to 5 years. Soil water content was highest in wheel tracks and lowest between tracks. Bare soil was more frequent in tracks and between tracks than in undisturbed soil. In wheel tracks, soil aeration may be restricted in periods with high precipitation. Simulated root‐zone pressure heads showed little variation between microsites. Soil compaction is a common consequence of forestry traffic traversing unprotected, moist soils; it decreases porosity and affects hydraulic conductivity even in coarse‐textured soils. The aim here was to study root‐zone hydrology and vegetation in three microsites (in, between, and beside wheel tracks) 4 to 5 yr after forwarder traffic, on stony and sandy till soils in two clearcuts in northern Sweden. Measurements of soil volumetric water content (VWC), vegetation indicators and one‐dimensional hydrological modeling (Hydrus‐1D) of wheel tracks and undisturbed soil were conducted. Soil VWC was monitored hourly during 2017 and 2018 in three or four plots along a slope on each site. Soil VWC was also measured once with a portable sensor in 117 plots along two slopes at each site, where the vegetation was recorded and analyzed using Ellenberg indicator indexes. Soil VWC was highest in wheel tracks and lowest between tracks; this was corroborated by the species composition in the wheel tracks (Ellenberg indicator for soil moisture). Bare soil was more frequent in wheel tracks and between tracks than in undisturbed soil. The model simulations indicated that the changed soil hydraulic properties influenced the VWC results in the wheel tracks. However, the differences in average pressure heads in the root zone were small between the microsites and only apparent during dry periods. In the wheel tracks, air‐filled porosity was <0.10 m3 m−3, indicating insufficient soil aeration during 82% (Site T) and 23% (Site R) of the 2017 growing season. Insufficient aeration could be one explanation for the presence of some still unvegetated areas.

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Middle-term effects after timber harvesting with heavy machinery on a fine-textured forest soil

Cited by 33 publications

References 42 publications

Impacts of timber forwarding on physical properties of forest soils in southern Finland

Impacts of timber forwarding on physical properties of forest soils in southern Finland

Analysis of natural-production conditions for timber harvesting in European North of Russia

Soil Compaction Effects on Root‐Zone Hydrology and Vegetation in Boreal Forest Clearcuts

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